Research On The Impact Of Mineral Exploitation On Sunite Grassland Landscape And Land Usage

The exploitation of mineral resources brings great damage to the environment,causes the geological disasters,takes up and destroys the land resources and the landscape,and seriously affects the vegetation and groundwater system.Since 2000,the grassland mining has been much more frequent.As a result,grassland landscape and the vegetation have been seriously damaged.Even worse,the environment we are living is getting bad to worse.Sunite grassland vegetation is typical desertification grassland,ecological vulnerability.With the increase of mineral resources exploitation,the ecological environment of the area has been greatly affected.Based on the remote sensing image and geographic information system,this article comparatively analyzes the changing of land usage during last 20 years and landscape pattern of typical mining area(gold mine,coal mine,copper cobalt nickel ore)within different distance buffer area.The main results are as follows:1?From 2000 to 2013,forest land,urban and rural residents land and mining area gradually increased,while grassland and non-use area decreased.Increased mining area mainly comes from grassland.The exploitation of mineral resources affected the land usage structure of the area.Since 2007,the number of small mines has been significantly reduced,while the mining area has increased.From 2009 to 2013,the integrated rate of land usage has increased rapidly.2?The quantity and area of residential in the three mining areas decreases with the increase of the radius of the buffer.The degree of fragmentation of excavation,occupancy,grassland and roads in the three mines is the more severe where the buffer zone is closer to the mine.Excavation occupies the largest area in coal mines and copper cobalt nickel ore,while occupancy takes the largest area in gold mines.The abundance and fragmentation of the three ores decreases with the increase of the radius of the radiation,and the degree of aggregation increases with the increase of the radius.The reason for mineral exploitation,the occupancy interference landscape is the most serious.3?Comparing results of typical mines are as follows: 0 to 4 km range,comparison of the landscape type of area shows that coal mining damage to the surface is the most serious,the road of coal mine has the greatest degree of breakage,the grassland of gold mine has the greatest degree of breakage.4 to 10 km range,the road of gold mine and coal mine has the similar degree of breakage,the grassland of copper and cobalt ore has the greatest degree of breakage,10 to 20 km range,the road and grassland of copper and cobalt ore has the greatest degree of breakage.Within different radiation radius range(0 ~ 4 km,4 ~ 10 km,10 ~ 20 km),gold mine residential area is the largest,coal mine residential area is the smallest and the smallest number;the fragmentation and richness of the gold mine are the largest,the structure of gold mine is the most irregular and the most discrete,Copper and cobalt nickel ore has the greatest landscape diversity and landscape evenness.