The Research Production And Life Of Huainan Coal Miners During The Republic Of China

Coal in the development of modern industry played a decisive role in modern China,along with the rapid development of the coal industry,coal workers gradually grew up,whether it was on the regional economy,or social life,and even the political revolution have played a unique and important role.Coal workers were a can not ignored social force in modern society.According to historical records,as early as the Southern Song Dynasty,this area has already started coal mining in HuaiNan.The early 20th century,HuaiNan coal mining gradually stepped into the right track of the modernization,From the past folk kiln,gradually developing into a large modern enterprise.To the Nanjing National Government period,HuaiNan Coal Mine has become the largest state-owned coal mining enterprises.With HuaiNan coal mine's rapid development,the coal miners groups continued to expand,and their impact to HuaiNan's social,economy and polity gradually emerged.This paper attempts to study the labor situation,family life status and social life status of HuaiNan coal miners in the period of the Republic of China,according to the archives historical data and historical materials,so as to examine the production and living conditions of the coal workers at that time.The first part of the paper discusses the development of HuaiNan coal mine.The first part is the development of HuaiNan coal mine and the coal mine workers' profile.The development course of HuaiNan coal mine from the beginning of mining to the Republic of China is briefly introduced.The origin,number,Division of labor are also depicted.Due to neighboring ShanDong ZaoZhuang and other North China mine,Huainan mining workers were mostly from these areas,part of them from local farmers losing their land or proletarian.HuaiNan coal mine in the early years of construction,only two or three hundred workers worked in there,to the heyday,up to more than 18,000 workers.According to the different types of workers,workers were divided into two categories,LiGong and WaiGong,There were a big difference in their pay,LiGong's salary were obviously higher than WaiGong's.The second part discusses the working conditions of coal miners,working hours and other working conditions and wages.During the Republic of China,HuaiNan coal mine's production conditions were relatively simple.Coal workers had a very hard working environment and high risk of work.There were frequent accidents in the coal mine,It threatened the safety of the workers.The workers had a long time to work but had paid very little.The third part discusses the family life status of coal miners,including the distribution of coal workers' living expenses,food and shelter,marriage and children's education.The fourth part discusses the social life of coal miners,from two aspects,the entertainment and bad habits of coal workers and the struggle for economic and politic rights.