A Study On Reform Of Operational Institution Of Anhui Rural Land

Rural land is both one of the most important production materials and the essential of agricultural production and operation.thus the contracting efficiency of agricultural land affects not only the agricultural production,but also the development of industry and service.At present,agricultural land contracting institutions of China is based on the household responsibility system proposed by the Party Central Committee in the 1980's.Though accommodating to the characteristic of the household as the best production unit,the land contracting institutions greatly promotes the growth of agricultural economic,However,the inner and outer environmental changes have taken place.On one hand,agricultural productivity and science and technology has got great development,and all kinds of agricultural machines,planting and breeding technology and most efficacious production material are widely used in the field such as production,process,sale of agriculture so as to make the agricultural productivity take a great leap in essential;on the other hand,from the 1990's to this day,with a large number of rural labors transferring into cities,the numbers of those labors really engaging with agricultural production reduces sharply,moreover,in recent years,the continuous process of the rural urbanization construction speeds up the rural labors to transfer into the non-agricultural labor fields.Thus,few peasants are been seen in rural villages and the problem of lower efficiency of rural land contracting takes place.Based on the survey of towns of 16 cities of Anhui Province,the author finds that at present,the circulation of the contracting right of agriculture land has already be universal and the circulation pattern appears the diversification.In the final analysis,the motivation of land circulation stems from the added value of land economic.Since land circulation may increase the land profits,the added value must be divided by many stockholders.Thus,focus on the stocker holder distribution institutions is the key to the essential of the circulation institution of the land contracting right.Taking the stakeholders theory as analysis tool,this papers handles the distribution relation of stakeholders so as to adjust,and further optimize the relations among the stakeholders according to the contracting institution to enhance the efficiency of rural land contracting.It is obvious that the stakeholders should get related property rights in the first place in order to take part in distribution of added value because property rights are the only one criterion to guarantee the owners with benefits.However,the rural land property rights are special in China: the community owns the propriety,and the peasants own usage rights.It means that the property rights of rural land are separated.The separation of the property rights directly caused the contradiction of benefit distribution,which is the common problem in the land circulation.This paper made a deep analysis of benefit distribution institution according to six types of circulation pattern of the rural land contracting rights in Ah Hui province.once the application of rural land is certain,the benefits of this land is also certain so that the added value of land benefits is certain,thus the next task is how to distribute the added value of land benefits.In fact,the fairness of benefit distribution immediately affects stakeholders' participation positivity in the land circulation,thus,the key to resolve the problem of land circulation is to guarantee thestakeholders in the land circulation with relative fairness,which is the important direction to the reform of land contracting institutions.There is one special case of the requisition of agricultural land during the agricultural land contracting.Under this circumstance,the nature of the agricultural land changes radically: the agricultural land is transformed into construction land so that peasants lose all the property rights of land for ever.In this pattern,with the larger numbers of stakeholders,the higher premium of land,and the complicated benefit distribution,the distribution-related contradiction,even vicious events occur now and then.This paper also deeply analyses the stakeholders in the contracting pattern,and study how to improve the distribution relation.