Research On Allocation Efficiency Of Science And Technology, Spatial And Temporal Pattern And Influencing Factors

With the continuous development of human society, every country works at improving its technological development level, in order to enhance overall national strength, the rapid scientific and technological achievements are coming every day. And technological competitiveness has become the most important contest, "Science and technology are primary productive forces, scientific and technological resources are the primary resources", the view is generally recognized. Our country is developing country, the level of technological development compared to developed countries has a certain gap, therefore, it is imminent to optimize the allocation of resources and improve resource allocation efficiency of science and technology for us. In this paper, using China's 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) as research object, applying DEA model to calculate the allocation efficiency of scientific and technological resources, based on the general characteristics of resource allocation efficiency analysis, mainly compared the year 1997 and 2013. With space exploration and analysis tools Geoda and Arcgis9.3, compared and analyzed the time and space dimensions exchange of combined efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in China from 1997 to 2013. Finally, using the spatial econometric model to analysis facts of special effect of China's science and technology resources allocation efficiency, the result shows that:(1) Although the input and output of science and technology are increasing, there are some problems to be solved, our human resources, financial resources and material resources are inadequate and the structure is irrational, which is lack in industry-university-research cooperation, and the research market rate of scientific and technological achievements is low. Universities, research institutions and enterprises are lack of close cooperation, research institutions study sided, short-term behavior, lack of innovation, and is seriously out of the market demand, resulting in a serious waste of resources science and low efficiency market.(2) From the general characteristics of China's science and technology resources allocation efficiency, from 1997 to 2013, the national average efficiency of resource allocation is always showing a rising trend, the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency has been on an upward trend except 1997 to 1999. The efficiency of three regions are growing except for a few years. While, the efficiency of provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) all have different characteristics, there is no clear agreement, it can be change fluctuating trend roughly divided and stable.(3) From 1997 and 2013 comparative analysis of the efficiency can be seen, combined efficiency has increased in most provinces as time goes on. Pure technical efficiency decreased provinces include Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Hunan, Guangxi, Ningxia, the growth of combined efficiency of these provinces mainly caused by growth of scale efficiency. The scale efficiency of Heilongjiang and Fujian provinces are declining, indicating that their combined efficiency growth is mainly caused by pure technical efficiency. Nearly 70 percent Provinces' combined efficiency increased by both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.(4) The formation and evolution of China's science and technology resources allocation efficiency exist spatial correlation, combine efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency all showed significant spatial autocorrelation. And spatial evolution of resource allocation efficiency of science and technology are constantly changing over the time, and towards a more optimal direction. High concentration areas and hot spots are most in the eastern coastal region and consist of westward expansion, and whispered gathering area and the cold spot area is mainly distributed in the western region, and showed a shrinking trend. The spatial distribution is not completely random,the high efficiency provinces tend to closing high efficiency provinces. The low efficiency provinces tend to closing low efficiency provinces. As time goes on, the high efficiency provinces can well stimulate and promote inefficiency or less efficiency provinces towards a high efficiency or high efficiency direction(5) Based on spatial econometrics test results, SEM model is applicable to verify the efficiency of resource allocation influencing factors. From the results of the validation of the six factors can be seen, in addition to the educational level of the regression coefficient is negative, the remaining five factors regression coefficients are positive, that is, The level of education has become an important factor on obstacle the efficiency of science and technology resources to enhance, but this hinder has weakened as time goes on, while the level of regional economic development, the level of government investment in science and technology, regional openness, the level of high-tech industries, and information level always have a positive role in promoting, and this catalytic role is growing over time.