The Relationship Between The Tu People And The Han Nationality In The Hehuang Area From The Eighth To The Tenth Centuries

In 755 AD,An Lushan Rebellion breaking out,the Tibetan seized the large areas of land of HeXi and Long You when Tang Dynasty border was emptied,After that,although Tang Dynasty tried to recover the lost ground many times,the HeXi and Long You region eventually was captured by the Tibetan because of the growing domestic contradictions,The HeXi and Long You region was Captured that made the people of the Tang dynasty become the subjects and be ruled by Tibetan,for one hundred years.After capturing the region of HeXi and LongYou,the Tibetan took a series of measures from the political,economic aspects to rule.The Tibetan bring the local political and military system into the region of HeXi and Long You and classed the Han nationality into tribal of them to do military service,or engaged in production.In the aspect of economy,the Tibetan took the land equalization system.In the culture,they support and develop the Buddhism in region of HeXi and Long You,especially Dunhuang,which made Buddhism be more prosperous.During capturing region of HeXi and LongYou,the Tibetan implemented the policy of national assimilation by asking the Han nationality to wear Tibetan clothing and braid hair,and promoting the Tibetan language in the ruling area.Under the influence of this assimilation policy,there were a trend of Tibetan in varying degrees in region of HeXi and Long You.In the middle of the ninth century,the Tibetan dynasty began to grow weak because of the domestic contradictions.ZhangYichao who is the Han nationality in DunHuang led the people in DunHuang overthrow the rule of Tibetan in region of HeXi and Long You,and expelled the Tibetan's nobility and soldiers.Besides,he led the people remove the assimilation of Tibetan,abolished the various systems,revived the Han culture,and vigorously developed Confucianism education.Although the Shazhou Guiyi army regime which led by Zhang Yichao made the movement of expelling Tibetan after recapturing region of HeXi and LongYou,there were still a lot of Tibetan in that area.It is noteworthy that,the relationship between the Tibetan and the Han nationality has been greatly changed due to that in the late Tang and Five Dynasties,the political environment was relatively relaxed.Compared with the relationship between rule and be ruled,the Han and Tibetan immigrants in region of HeXi and LongYou had more interaction.Tibetan immigrants appeared the trend of localization,they not only used the Han's surname,but also more quickly adapt to the farming society in region of HeXi and LongYou.In addition,together with the Han nationality,they engaged in farming economy and jointly promoted the development of the that area.At the same time,after the end of the Tibetan rule,the cultural exchanges between the Tibetan and the Han nationality were more frequent,which laid the foundation for the integration of the Tibetan and the Han nationality.