The Study Of The Shang Dynasty Of The Ming Dynasty

Since Zhu Yuanzhang abolished executive secretariat and prime minister in 1380,Libu Shangshu had been promoted to the leader of Qiqing.Therefore,Libu Shangshu also be named Zaizhong or Tiangong respectfully.It can be seen that the role of Libu Shangshu in Ming Dynasty played an unprecedentedly significant role both in its social status and social functions,compared to that in preceding dynasties.In Ming Dynasty Libu Shangshu played a very important role and they had a close relationship with the Cabinet and other Departments.After researching Libu Shangshu this group,the political issues of Ming Dynasty could be more clearly.In Ming Dynasty,since1380 to 1644,there are 98 members of Libu Shangshu can be found,which service108 terms separately.As Libu Shangshu has had the right to appointing and dismissing the national politicians since 1380,this paper decided to study this group of people after the thirteenth year of Hongwu period to make the question more representative.This paper is written to research the native place,official history,transfer of post and term of service for Libu Shangshu.The first chapter makes a brief introduction for the institution and function of Libu Shangshu.To clarify this issue,this paper analyzed some real examples to describe the status and function of Libu Shangshu,Libu Shilang and its four subordinate institutions,including Wenxuan,Kaogong,Jikao and Yanfeng.The second chapter makes a textual research for the staff list of Libu Shangshu in Ming dynasty.In that age,excepting the formal appointment,there are parts of Libu Shangshu be appointed informally.Although they have been granted this title,they do not manage affairs of this department.Moreover,in Nanjing province,this title could be confused with Libu Shangshu.Since this paper is aiming to research Libu Shangshu who manages the affairs in Libu formally,there are 98 members of Libu Shangshu who service 108 terms has been found.The third chapter is focusing on the temporal and spatial distribution of native places of Libu Shangshu.Throw analyzing Emperor of the Ming Dynasty Record and other relative historical materials,this chapter investigated the real native place of Libu Shangshu.Furthermore,after analyzing the distribution of these native places,it can be seen that talent and ability is not the only principles to select Libu Shangshu.Considering equilibrating the political force in different areas,Emperors of Ming dynasty takes the balanced and moderated principle,on the basis of the talent and ability,to select the chief of Libu.Therefore,in several provinces,the number of LibuShangshu is accordance with the number of people allowed to join in the imperial examination.The forth chapter is focusing on work experiences of Libu Shangshu.Throw analyzing the way Libu Shangshu entered the government system and their first official position or other relative jobs,it can be seen that the main way of getting a position in government is to enter the Imperial Examination.In the earlier period of Ming Dynasty,Libu Shangshu's first official position is complicated,but most of them hold the post in central government.In middle of the Ming Dynasty most Libu Shangshu get their first official position in Hanlinyuan or other posts in central govement,like officials serving emperors,the imperial censor and managers of the Six Department.However,in the later period of Ming Dynasty,most Libu Shangshu holds their first position in local official,like magistrate,chief of states and chief of county.It can be seen that,in general,the first official position of Libu Shangshu requires a high demand.However,in Ming Dynasty,the tendency of requirements about the first official position of Libu Shangshu increased in the earlier period and then decreased in the later period is according with the change of status of Libu Shangshu.The fifth chapter is focusing on transfer of post and term of service about Libu Shangshu.This chapter mainly analyzes the post Libu Shangshu has held before they enter Libu,the job that they do after serving in Libu and the term of service in Libu.Before being a Libu Shangshu,most members come from a post which is higher than the level named Sanpin,like Qiqing in Beijing and Nanjing or Shilang in other Departments in central government.After the service in Libu,most of them chose to quit the job and go back to their hometown.It can be seen that being a Libu Shangshu is the peak for officials' career.Considering the term of service,it is affected by the historical development of Ming Dynasty.From the earlier period to the middle of Ming Dynasty,the term of service in Libu is stabilized and the time of serving is in an increasing trend.Instead,after the middle of Ming Dynasty,the time of serving become shorter and members in Libu be altered frequently.The sixth chapter is focusing on the relationship between Libu Shangshu and politics in Ming Dynasty.Throw analyzing the relation of Libu Shangshu to Emperors,Cabinet and Eunuchs,this chapter aims to investigate the Libu Shangshu's function of politics in Ming Dynasty.As controlling the power of personnel affairs,Libu Shangshu is at the core of the central government in Ming Dynasty.With theassistance of Libu Shangshu,Emperors,Cabinet and Eunuchs can realize their central authority.Therefore,although Emperors depend on the assistance of Libu Shangshu,they have to restrict their function.Meanwhile,there is a trilateral restraint between Libu Shangshu and Cabinet and Eunuchs to maintain the stability of the imperial power.Consequently,as Libu Shangshu plays a very significant role in politics in Ming Dynasty,when Emperors admit Libu Shangshu,they should consider of Libu Shangshu's native place,family background and work experience and so on,which can keep the stability of politics in Ming Dynasty.