A Comparative Study Of Russian And Chinese Polite Speech Acts

Speech act theory is one of the core content of pragmatics,the theory pay attention to the emphasis on the function of language behavior and practical function,the practicability of the theory is strong,it is suitable for human daily language practice,studies the function of daily language.People's language practice conducted in the norms of verbal behavior in society,the speech act theory plays a guidance role on formulating the rules,launches a new vision for the modern language pragmatic research.Polite speech act theory is a focus in the study of speech act theory,because politeness widely exists in human's daily life,is one of the important criteria that communication should follow.Though,due to the different national culture and the values and the world outlook of languages,social cultural environment,the understanding of the concept of politeness,the means of expression and the judgment standard is different,but all of them comply with the rules of the politeness principle to achieve the communication between people,so as to realize the cross-cultural communication and achieve good effect.Comparison is a basic method of understanding the objective world,which is often used in language research.Contrast is a hot spot in the study of modern linguistics,the content of the language contrast can be phonetics,grammar,vocabulary,semantics,also can be culture,history and so on.As the world globalized,the links among countries become more and more intense,and the study of linguistic contrasts became more and more appreciated by scholars.In this article,through analysis of Russian,English and Chinese polite speech behavior,reveals the politeness principle that the three languages follow in the process of communication,the similarities and differences in the aspects of grammatical semantics,etiquette customs,moral religious beliefs,and social history and culture,to transform the speech act theory into the practice and application of cross-cultural communication.This thesis mainly includes introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction focuses on the current research situation,the theoretical and practical significance of the research,the main content,the key points and the difficult points of the writing.The text consists of three chapters:The first chapter is the theory part,three sections: the first section,the summary of the development of speech act theory,introduces the basic concept of speech act theory and the research status,makes clear the practical characteristics of speech act theory;the second section further discusses polite speech act theory,mainly introduces the basic concept of politeness and the research status of polite speech act theory,reveals the importance of polite speech research;the third section discusses the general situation of the study of language contrast and necessity,in order to explain the feasibility of using language contrast methods to analyze the similarities and differences of Russian,English and Chinese polite speech act.In the second chapter,there are two sections,which discuss the principles and classifications of polite speech behavior of Russian,English and Chinese.The first section discusses the politeness principles of three languages,analyzes the similarities and differences of these principles,and finally discusses the constraints of politeness principles;the second section classifies the behavior of polite speech and analyzes the influencing factors of polite speech behavior.The third chapter expands the analysis of the concrete politeness speech behavior,and compares grammatical semantic,linguistic etiquette and national historical culture.The first section focuses on the grammatical semantic differences in Russian,English and Chinese languages;the second section,language etiquette is mainly involved in norms and taboos;the third section compares worldview and values,social conventions and respect for diversity.The conclusion is the summary of this article.Through the comparative study of the Russian,English and Chinese polite speech act,we see there are similarities and specificity of polite speech in three languages,helps us to know more about languages,and deepens our understanding,in order to reduce the pragmatic failures in cross-cultural communication.