College Students' Phthalate Skin Exposure Studies

Phthalate esters(PAEs)can be directly into the human body through a variety of ways such as dust,air and mouth,and then cause harm to the human body.In order to assess the risk of PAEs exposure and control the exposure of human PAEs,many scholars have studied the concentration of PAEs and the exposure dose.At present,there is little research on PAEs concentration in the same environment.With regard to the exposure dose of human skin,there is a study that skin exposure can be ignored,and there is a study that the skin is overlooked by the cover of the clothes,but there is no theoretical basis for it.There is a lack of comparison of direct and indirect measurements of exposure to the same population,and the contribution of direct measurement of skin exposure and dust exposure to total exposure.In view of the above points,this paper has carried out related experimental research.The main conclusions are as follows:The research contents of PAEs in dust include 146 dust samples in December 2016 and 29 dorms sampled in 2017(one sample lost).In 2017,the detection rate of PAEs was 100%.The detection rates of DMP,DEP,DPP,DNHP and BBP were 0,DEEP detection rate was 17%,DNP detection rate was 31,DNOP detection rate was 85%,DIBP detection rate was 93%,DBP,DMEP,DBEP,and the detection rate were 100%.The detection range of DEHP,DBEP,DIBP,DBP,DMEP,DMEP,DNOP and DNP are 2.4-2350.1 ?g/g,10.49-2346.36 ?g/g and DNP.In 2017,the concentration of PAEs in the dust reduction was higher than that in the same period in 2016.The increase of PAEs concentration in boys' dormitories was more obvious than that of girls' dormitories.For the rooms with different orientations,the PAEs concentration detection results in 2017 were the same as the concentration distribution in 2016.The concentrations of DBP and DEHP in the faces of 2017 and Yang faces were significantly higher than those of DBP and DEHP in 2016.Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate the exposure level of PAEs in dust.The skin surface PAEs study tested the concentration levels of 10 PAEs(DMP,BBP,DEEP,DIBP,DIBP,DBP,DMEP,DBEP,DEHP,DNOP and DNP)on the skin of 30 subjects(frontal,left,right hand,left arm,right arm,back,left leg,right calf,right calf,left foot,left foot and right foot).The detection rate of DMP and BBP was 0,and the detection rate of DEEP in all skin samples was 0-23%.DIBP,DBP,DMEP,DBEP,DEHP,DNOP and DNP were detected in all skin wiping parts.The detection rate of DIBP was the lowest,the detection rate of the foot was the lowest.The rate is high and the detection rate is 87%~100%.Among them,DBEP and DEHP had the highest pollution concentration,followed by DNP and DNP concentration slightly higher than DNOP.The concentrations of PAEs in different parts of the skin were different,the concentration of DIBP in the forehead > foot > back > hand > arm leg;the distribution of DBP and DMEP was similar: the foot surface > the forehead > the back > hand > the arm leg;the concentration distribution of DBEP and DEHP was similar: the frontal surface of the forehead > the back > hand > the arm leg;the concentration distribution of DNOP and DNP was similar: the forehead > back > hand > foot > foot > feet > The arm is leg.The total concentration of PAEs on the forehead and foot surface was significantly higher than the PAEs concentration on the arm and leg surface.The exposure dose of different parts of the human body was evaluated through the evaluation formula of human skin exposure and the level of PAEs detected by health risk assessment.In this study,the PAEs absorption dose of the cover part of the clothing accounts for the total absorption dose of 47.2%-82.6%.In estimating the PAEs absorption dose of the human skin,the cover part of the clothing should not be ignored.For the first time,the PAEs exposure dose on skin surface and the PAEs exposure dose in dust were compared of the same population.The composition of PAEs on skin surface is similar to that in indoor PAEs,and PAEs concentration affects each other and there is a dynamic equilibrium relationship.The proportion of DEHP and DBEP decreased,and the proportion of DBP,DNOP and DNP increased.The total exposure dose of DEHP was 162.38 ng/kg bw/day on the human skin surface,which was about 30 times as much as the skin exposure dose(air exposure and dust exposure)(mean: 4.74 ng/kg bw/day);DIBP,DBP and DNOP were far greater than the exposure dose of the skin by dust reduction.Therefore,the exposure of PAEs in air and dust is not the most important way to expose human skin.The exposure level of human skin estimated by dust will be underestimated.The exposure dose of skin PAEs relative to dust contributes more to the total exposure dose.The total exposure dose of DEHP on the skin surface is about 3 times the exposure dose(mean value: 67.99 ng/kg bw/day),and the total exposure dose of DIBP is 452.92 ng/kg bw/day on the skin surface,which is about 20 times the exposure dose(mean value: 25.45 ng/kg bw/day),and the total exposure dose of the skin surface is 1888.82 ng/kg bw/day,It was about 10 times the exposure dose(mean value: 182.92 ng/kg bw/day),and the total exposure dose of DNOP was 175.55 ng/kg bw/day on the skin surface,which was about 15 times the exposure dose of the dust contribution(mean: 14.14 ng/kg bw/day).The total exposure dose of human skin is much higher than that of dust to the total exposure dose of human body.Attention should be paid to PAEs exposure dose on human skin surface.