Effect Of Qidan Fugan Granule On T Cells In Children With Repeated Respiratory Infection And Immunocompromised Mice

PROPOSE AND MEANING:It is per incomplete statistics that as many as 70%of all patients seeking treatment at pediatric clinics are for the reason of respiratory tract infection,among which are there 30%recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRTI)patients.What is more worrying,these numbers have shown a trend of increase.For a series of reasons,such as changes of seasons,abnormal climate changes as well as inefficiency in changes of clothing,could easily result in recurring colds,fevers and coughing symptoms that could occur as many as several to more than a dozen times per year and last a very long time,with other serious conditions such as pneumonia,asthma,myocarditis and acute nephritis easier to receive,and higher risk of having other chronic disease within respiratory system after reaching adulthood.RRTI does not only cause severe physical and psychological damages to children,but also raise serious concerns among their families.Although RRTI is not considered as an independent disease,it receives wide attention from public as a common pediatric clinical phenomenon.Modern medicine has little knowledge regarding the reason of RRTI's occurrence,which according to studies may be a result from such reasons as anatomic characteristics,abnormality within immune system,insufficiency of microelements,inherited susceptibility and genetic mutations.With more insightful research of mucosal immune system have we discovered that children with RRTI possess decrease of humoral immunity as well as cellular immunity at different levels,especially with cellular immunity.Lymphocytes,which receive induction from gastrointestinal mucosal collection of lymph nodes,distribute through circulatory system to lymphoid tissues located in respiratory tract,digestive tract as well as exocrine gland mucosa and grant the body with antibody.Therefore,the importance of'the relationship between Lung&Spleen and the immune functionalities in unquestionable.Previous TCM treatments generally focus on cleaning the virus from the outside and promote healthy energy.Professor WANG Junhong,however,successfully breached the conventional approach and brought forward the theory that "stasis must exist in lengthy illness" based on"joint tuning of Lung and Spleen".By realizing the principles of promoting energy,blood circulation and spleen functions,he deeply studied the TCM mechanism within children RRTI.This research observes the influence of Qidan-Fugan-Keli(QFK,Astragalus propinquus RRTI Granule)on children with RRTI(type which possess deficiency of energy with stasis)regarding their changes on TCM symptoms as well as on T-cell subsets.Also,this research paints a model of laboratory rats with defected immunity and observed the influence of QFK on the T-cell subsets within these rats,as well as discussed the positive impact of QFK on children with RRTI from the standpoint of both clinic and laboratory.METHOD OF RESEARCH:Clinical research:cases cumulated from children seeking treatment from August,2015 to December,2016 at the Pediatric Department,Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Among these cases are 31 patients chosen for clinical experiments and took QFK(containing TCM materials including Huangqi,Baizhu,Taizishen,Danshen,Chishao,Chuanxiong,Jineijin and Chenpi)orally.Additional materials will be used depending on symptoms.For example,Xinyi and Cangerzi will be added if patients feel nasal obstruction and running.Zhebei(or Chuanbei,for lung moisturization)for excessive phlegm,Xuanshen and Banlangen for throat swallowing and aching,Zhibaibu and Zhipaye for coughing,Shengbaizhu and Shengcangzhu for excessive eczema,Gualou and Chaozhishi for dry feces.The experiments last 3 months and dosage is subject to change based on the age of the patient and will be temporarily stopped when acute-infection occurs and patients will be treated focusing on the symptoms.After 3 months of treatment,patients will be compared in the aspects of symptoms integration before and after,and content of T-cell subsets in serum.Animal testing:70 male Kunming laboratory rats are randomly arranged into 7 groups labeled as Group QFK(high dosage),Group QFK(medium dosage),Group QFK(low dosage),Group Pidotimod,Group Huaiqihuang,Group Blank and Model Group,with 10 rats in each group.Physiological saline will be injected for the Group Blank,and 50mg/kg of Cyclophosphamide solution for 3 days for rest of the groups before 10 days of medicine supplement.Rats' thymus and spleen functions as well as content of T-cell subsets will be observed after Cyclophosphamide solution is given.Method of statistics:All above data are input into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS 2.0.For normal distributional data will paired t-test applied with one-way ANOVA and homogeneity of variance test for analysis within groups.Data related with homogeneity with be tested using Tukey and REGWG methods and for inhomogeneity Dunnett's t-test.RESULTS:1.After data analysis,we find that CD3+,which was 65.77±6.70 has changed to 66.27±4.42,P>0.05 and therefore has no statistic meanings.CD3+CD4+,D3+CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ have previously reached 40.78±5.77,22.17±3.46 and 1.37±0.66.These numbers are raised to 45.78±3.73,25.13±4.27 and 1.71±0.11 with P<0.05 and therefore have statistic meanings.This suggests that QFK is effective for improving immunity of RRTI patientsThrough comparative analysis of respiratory tract symptoms integration from the standpoint of Chinese medicine can we observe that as much as 84%of patients with nasal obstruction,88%of patients with throat ache and hyperemia,71%of coughing and phlegm,67%of flatulence have seen improvements.To compare symptoms integration will we see P<0.05 for nasal obstruction and running,coughing and phlegm as well as throat ache and hyperemia,proving that these observations are statistically meaningful.This further proves that QFK is effective for the symptoms mentioned above.2.Further comparisons of symptom's integration from the standpoint of Chinese medicine shows that such symptoms as sweating,pale face,low appetite,exhaust and dark eye sockets can also be improved after treatment with P<0.05,which implies statistical meaningfulness.This implies that QFK is significantly effective for such symptoms.3.After group analysis,have we concluded that the spleen and thymus indexes of Model Group rats are significantly lower than the ones with rats of the Group Blank with P<0.01= and suggesting statistically meaningful.The Model Group's spleen and thymus indexes have no significant difference from comparing groups including the Group Pidotimod,Group Huaiqihuang and Groups QFK(high and medium dosage)with P>0.05.The Group QFK(low dosage),however,showed relatively lowered spleen and thymus indexes with P<0.059 which is statistically meaningful.Regarding T-cell subsets,our study shows that all groups achieved such a result that the percentage of CD3+ cells in lymphocytes is lifted comparing to the Group Blank with P<0.05.the Model Group has no statistically meaningful comparison with other treatment groups with P>0.05.All treatment groups' CD3+CD4+ t-cells have higher percentage comparing to the Group Blank with P<0.05,and only Group Huaiqihuang's result comparing to the Model Group has a lower percentage with P<0.05.Regarding CD3+CD8+ t-cell's percentage,all groups have lower results comparing to the Group Blank and P<0.05,and when comparing treatment groups with the Model Group,we see that Group QFK(low dosage)is significantly lower with P<0.05 and Group QFK(medium dosage)is also lower than Group Pidotimod with P<0.05.Results within Group Pidotimod,Group Huaiqihuang and Group QFK(high dosage)have P>0.05 and no statistical meanings.CONCLUSION:For respiratory tract infected children with nasal obstruction and running nose,throat ache and hyperemia,coughing and phlegm and flatulence,the QFK is proved to be possessing with effectiveness.QFK can also raise the level of intestinal t-cell subsets for rats with low immunity and therefore raise their general immunity.