| ObjectivePediatric pneumonia is a kind of lung inflammation which caused by different pathogens or other factors.It is a common disease among children,with the typical clinical symptoms such as fever,cough,short of breath and fixed wet rales of lung.It is known as "Pneumonia Cough" in Traditional Chinese Medicine,which is also considered as "wind-warm disease","dyspnea with coughing" et al.Pediatric pneumonia seriously do harm to the health and wellbeings of children,therefore it is necessary to develop the study on preventing and treating pediatric pneumonia.Studies indicates that the occurrence of pediatric pneumonia is closely associated with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome,which may be an internal cause to catch an exogenous evil more easily,all above would lead to lung-stomach heat retention syndrome ultimately.Yinlai decoction is an experience prescription raised by prof.Xiaohong Gu to treat pediatric pneumonia based on the therapeutic concept of clearing heat of lung and stomach simultaneously.This study build the animal model of dyspepsia combined pneumonia and the Yinlai decoction was given as an intervention,to explore the pathological effects of dyspepsia,pneumonia and dyspepsia combined pneumonia on mice,and to probe the protective effect of Yinlai decoction on colonic ultrastructure and intestinal mucosa in mice with dyspepsia combined pneumonia and the potential mechanism of Yinlai decoction may take effect.MethodsThe animal model of pediatric pneumonia with lung-stomach heat retention syndrome was built by high-fat and protein diet combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to induce pneumonia by aerosol inhalation,and divided into several groups--normal group,pneumonia group,dyspepsia group,dyspepsia combined pneumonia group,Yinlai decoction group and dexamethasone group.Animals' behaviors and symptoms,lung index,spleen index,thymus index,the morphological changes of the lung and colon under light microscope,the ultrastructural changes of the colon under transmission electron microscope,and simultaneously detected the levels of D-lactic Acid(DLA),Diamine Oxidase(DAO)in serum by Enzyme-linked immunoassay were observed.Results1.Behaviors and symptoms:?There was nothing changed in normal group;the mice behave physically lees after intaking a high fat and protein diet,and with the glossiness of fur decreased,less food intaking,abdomen distended,yellow urine,brown sticky and loose stools.After LPS infecting to induce infection,the mice were listless in spirit,acted slowly,and curled up together,with dull fur,pale yellow urine,brown black fusiform and hard dry stools,shortness of breath,and even abdominal respiration.The general symptoms of mice treated by Yinlai decoction or dexamethasone were relieved,but the improvement of stools in Dexamethasone group was not significant.?Body weight:The body weight of each group increased gradually along with time.During the 2-7 days of modeling period,the body weight of dyspepsia group,dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group,Yinlai decoction group and dexamethasone group decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared with normal group.The body weight of dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group decreased significantly(P<0.05)compared with dyspepsia group and pneumonia group.There was different significantly on body weight between Yinlai decoction group and dexamethasone group(P>0.05)compared with dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group.2.Organ index:?Lung index:The lung index of pneumonia group and dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group increased significantly(P<0.01)compared with normal group.The lung index of pneumonia group and dyspepsia group decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared with dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group.The lung index of Yinlai decoction group and dexamethasone group decreased significantly(P<0.05)compared with dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group,and increased significantly(P<0.01)compared with normal group.The lung index of dexamethasone group decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared with Yinlai decoction group.?Spleen index:The spleen index of dyspepsia group and dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group increased significantly(P<0.01)compared with normal group.The spleen index of dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group increased significantly(P<0.01)compared with pneumonia group.The spleen index of Yinlai decoction group increased significantly(P<0.05)and the spleen index of dexamethasone group decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared with dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group.The spleen index of Yinlai decoction group increased significantly(P<0.01)compared with normal group and dexamethasone group.?Thymus index:The thymus index of pneumonia group and dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group decreased compared with normal group,the thymus index of Yinlai decoction group increased compared with dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group,and there were no different significant(P>0.05).The thymus index of dexamethasone group decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared with normal group,dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group and Yinlai decoction group.3.Morphology of lung tissue:The lung tissue morphology of normal group mice was clear and complete.The lung tissue of dyspepsia group appeared that alveolar septum was thickened slightly,and alveolar cavity vascular was slightly dilated and congested.The lung tissue of pneumonia group mice and dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group mice appeared alveolar fused,alveolar septum thickening,pulmonary interstitial hyperplasia,alveolar cavity vascular dilated and congested,even bleeding,disordered arrangement of alveolar epithelial cells,with some cell shedding,and a large number of inflammatory infiltrating,and more severe inflammatory infiltrating in dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group compared with pneumonia group.The pathological changes of lung tissue morphology reduced in Yinlai decoction group,only appeared few inflammatory infiltrating.The pathological changes of lung tissue morphology reduced significantly in dexamethasone group,almost recoverd back to normal.4.Morphology of colon tissue:The colon tissue morphology of normal group mice was clear and completed.The colon tissue of pneumonia group appeared that mucosal epithelium structure was slightly incompleted,and goblet cells had an enlarged trend.The colon tissue of dyspepsia group,dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group and dexamethasone group appeared that mucosal epithelium was incomplete,and the increasing goblet cells arranged irregularly and showed an enlarged trend in a high degree of secretion.The pathological changes of colon tissue morphology reduced significantly in Yinlai decoction group,basically recovered back to normal,and only appeared an enlarged trend in goblet cells.5.Ultrastructure of colon tissue:The ultrastructure of colon tissue in the normal group was clear and completed.The colon mucosa of pneumonia group mice appeared inconsistent size of microvilli.In the dyspepsia group and dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group,the intercellular junction of colon mucosa epithelial cells was loose,the cells gap was widened,between the colon mucosa epithelial cells have appeared a low-density bright band,the microvilli was changed shortly that arranged sparse and direction was inconsistent even shed,the surface of microvilli had no cell clothing.The ultrastructure pathological changes of colon tissue in Yinlai decoction group were improved,the intercellular junction was loose,the cells gap and low-density bright band were significantly narrowed compared with pneumonia group.In the dexamethasone group,the intercellular junction of colon mucosa epithelial was loose,the cells gap was widened,between the colon mucosa epithelial cells have appeared a low-density bright band,the microvilli was changed shortly.6.The level of DLA and DAO in serum:?DLA:The DLA level in serum of pneumonia group,dyspepsia group and dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group increased significantly(P<0.05)compared with normal group.The DLA level in serum of Yinlai decoction group decreased significantly(P<0.05)and the DLA level in serum of dexamethasone group increased significantly(P<0.01)compared with dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group.There was not different significantly(P>0.05)of DLA level in serum between Yinlai decoction group and normal group.The DLA level in serum of dexamethasone group increased significantly(P<0.01)compared with normal group and Yinlai decoction group.?DAO:The DAO level in serum of pneumonia group,dyspepsia group and dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group increased compared with normal group.The DAO level in serum of Yinlai decoction group and dexamethasone group decreased compared with dyspepsia combined with pneumonia group,but there was no statistical significance in the DAO level of serum between each group(P>0.05).Conclusions1.The dyspepsia mice appeared a less diet intaking,weight loss,dispirited,and sticky stools.The pneumonia mice showed a significantly lung index increased,and an severe inflammatory infiltration of lung tissue.2.Pneumonia could lead to a slight pathological change in colon mucosal tissue,and a higher levels of DLA and DAO in serum,which indicated that "Lung and Large Intestine Have Relevance".3.Yinlai decoction can relieve the damage caused by LPS with a lighter lung tissue inflammation expression,which may be associated with reducing the lung index,and increasing the spleen index and thymus index thus to promote the body's immune function.4.Yinlai decoction can reduce the permeability of intestinal mucosa and the levels of DLA and DAO in serum,thus to protect the intestinal mucosal,which may be associated with improving the intestinal mucosal histomorphology,and maintaining the integrity of cell connection and microvilli structure.5.Dexamethasone could significantly relieve pulmonary inflammation,but with thymus index reduced,which appeared an immunosuppression effect and cause intestinal mucosal tissue damages,and resulted in intestinal mucosal permeability and increased.levels of DLA in serum. |
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