| ObjectiveGastrointestinal pyrexia refers to a syndrome of invisible or tangible pyrexia obstructing the gastrointestinal tract and causing excessive gastrointestinal gas-heat.In clinic,the symptoms of appetite deprivation,abdominal distension and pain,belching,dry stool,laborious defecation and reduced frequency are often accompanied by a series of manifestations of gastrointestinal dynamic decline.The stomach and the large intestine are the exterior-interior relationship,and connected by Qi,blood and meridians,which is related to physiology and pathology.Therefore,the pyrexia of the stomach and intestine can often move up to the lung.If we are infected by exogenous pathogens again,it will easily lead to the pyrexia syndrome of the combined of the lung and stomach,thus affecting the normal digestive and promoting functions of the stomach and intestine.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has certain advantages in the syndrome differentiation and treatment of the disease.Yinlai decoction is a Chinese herbal compound prescription created by Professor Gu Xiaohong on the basis of the legislation of "lung and stomach treatment" through years of clinical experience.Modern medicine has shown that gastrointestinal motility is closely related to factors such as brain-gut axis,intestinal microecology,dietary habits and spirit,among which the change of brain-gut peptide hormone level is the most important one in nerve conduction and brain-gut peptide secretion regulated by brain-gut axis.In this study,we observed the effects of characterization,body weight,diet,organ index,histopathology,gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate by making a model of gastrointestinal pyrexia and pneumonia.The specific mechanism of Yinlai decoction regulating gastrointestinal motility was explored by detecting the changes of serum levels of Ghrelin,NO,5-HT and SP.MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal group,gastrointestinal pyrexia group,pneumonia group,gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group,pneumonia treatment group and Yinlai decoction treatment group,with 10 rats in each group.Animal models of gastrointestinal pyretia were made by high calorie feed and milk solution Animal models of pneumonia were made by 0.5mg/mLLPS aerosol inhalation and treated by Yinlai decoction.The changes of body weight,diet,abdominal circumference and organ index were observed.The pathological changes of lung,antrum and colon were observed under light microscope.Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion were performed The contents of Ghrelin,NO,5-HT and SP in serum of rats in each group were determined by Elisa methodResults1.Basic characterization:Rats in the normal group had good mental capability,flexible movement,normal diet,smooth and lustrous fur,jet black and thick stool.Rats in the gastrointestinal pyrexia group had poor mental state,fed less than the normal group,curled up and piled up,decreased mobility,decreased gloss of fur,and more sticky stool,even sparse stool.After Yinlai decoction treatment,the rats’ spirit improved,and their diet gradually returned to normal,their mobility improved significantly.The phenomenon of crouching disappeared and their feces were basically normal2.Body mass and diet:(1)Body mass:The body mass of rats in the normal group increased gradually with time.Compared with the normal group,the body mass of rats in the gastrointestinal pyrexia group,the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group and the Yinlai decoction treatment group decreased significantly(P<0.01);Compared with the pneumonia group,the body mass of rats in the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group decreased significantly(P<0.01).(2)Diet:The dietary intake of rats in the normal group increased gradually with time.Compared with the normal group,the dietary intake of rats in the gastrointestinal pyretic group,the gastrointestinal pyretic combined with pneumonia group and the Yinlai decoction treatment group decreased.Compared with the gastrointestinal pyretic combined with pneumonia group,the dietary intake of rats on the fifth day increased after Yinlai decoction treatment3.Changes in abdominal circumference:Compared with the normal group,the abdominal circumference of rats in the group of gastrointestinal pyretia combined with pneumonia decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the 2-6 days after modeling,and that of rats in the group of gastrointestinal pyretia combined with pneumonia on the 3rd and 6th days also decreased(P<0.01);Compared with the group of gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia,the abdominal circumference of rats in Yinlai decoction treatment group increased on the second day,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).On the third day,the abdominal circumference of rats in Yinlai decoction treatment group was significantly higher than that in the group of gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia(P<0.05)4.Organ index:(1)Pulmonary index:Compared with the normal group,the pneumonia group,the gastrointestinal pyretia combined with pneumonia group were significantly higher(P<0.01);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyretia combined with pneumonia group,the Yinlai decoction treatment group was significantly lower(P<0.01).(2)Spleen index Compared with the normal group,the spleen index of rats in the gastrointestinal pyretic group,pneumonia group and gastrointestinal pyretic combined with pneumonia group decreased,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyretic combined with pneumonia group,the spleen index of rats in Yinlai decoction treatment group increased(P<0.01).(3)Thymus index;Compared with the normal group,the thymus index of rats in the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group decreased(P<0.05);Compared with the pneumonia group,the thymus index of rats in the pneumonia treatment group increased,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group,the Yinlai decoction treatment group increased(P<0.01).(4)Renal index:Compared with pneumonia group,gastrointestinal pyretia combined with pneumonia group increased significantly,and there was a statistical difference(P<0.05)5.Histological observation:(1)Lung tissue:The structure of alveoli and alveolar sac in normal group was clear and complete,epithelial cells arranged closely;The structure of alveoli in model group was unclear,alveolar wall was obviously thicker,alveolar septum was widened,and there was fusion phenomenon,alveolar epithelial cells arranged disorderly After Yinlai decoction treatment,the structure of alveoli and alveolar sacs became clear,and the phenomenon of tissue congestion and edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were alleviated.(2)The structure of gastric antrum mucosa in the normal group was normal.The gastric submucosal capillary dilatation was more obvious in the pyrogenic group than in the normal group.The arrangement of gastric glands was disordered,a few glands were destroyed.The gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group showed more obvious destruction of gastric antrum mucosa and dilatation of gastric submucosal capillaries,disordered arrangement of gastric glands and vacuolar enlargement,which were significantly alleviated after treatment with Yinlai decoction.(3)Colon tissue:The intestinal tissue structure of rats in normal group was clear and complete,and the epithelial layer of gastrointestinal pyrexia accumulation was incomplete compared with that in normal group.It was found that the cells arranged irregularly,showed an increasing trend and were in a highly secretory state.After intervention with Yinlai decoction,the pathological changes of colon tissue in rats were significantly alleviated,the structure was clear and complete,and the high secreti on state disappeared basically6.Effect of Yinlai decoction on Gastric Emptying Rate and Small Intestinal Propulsion Rate in Rats:(1)Gastric emptying rate:Compared with the normal group,the gastrointestinal pyrexia accumulation group and the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group significantly decreased the gastric emptying rate(P<0.05);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group,the gastric emptying rate in Yinlai decoction treatment group increased significantly(P<0.05).(2)Small intestinal propulsive rate:Compared with the normal group,the small intestinal propulsive rate of rats in the gastrointestinal pyrexia group and the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group was significantly lower(P<0.05);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group,the small intestinal propulsive rate of rats in Yinlai decoction group was significantly higher(P<0.05);In addition,the propulsive rate of small intestine in the group of gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia was lower than that in the group of gastrointestinal pyrexia,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05)7.Serum levels of midbrain-gut peptide hormones:(1)Ghrelin:Compared with the normal group,the serum Ghrelin level of rats in the gastrointestinal pyretic group was significantly lower(P<0.05),and the serum Ghrelin level of rats in the gastrointestinal pyretic combined with pneumonia group was also lower than that in the normal group,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyretic combined with pneumonia group,the serum Ghrelin level of rats in the Yinlai decoction group was significantly higher(P<0.05).(2)NO:Compared with the normal group,the serum NO levels of rats in the gastrointestinal pyrexia group and the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group were significantly higher(P<0.05);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group,the serum NO levels of rats in the Yinlai decoction treatment group were significantly lower(P<0.05).(3)5-HT:Compared with the normal group,the serum 5-HT level in the gastrointestinal pyretic group was significantly lower(P<0.01);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyretic combined with pneumonia group,the 5-HT level in the Yinlai decoction treatment group was higher,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).(4)SP:Compared with the normal group,the content of SP in the gastrointestinal pyrexia group and the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group was significantly lower(P<0.05);Compared with the gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia group,the content of SP in Yinlai decoction treatment group was significantly higher,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05)Conclusions1.The model of gastrointestinal pyrexia combined with pneumonia was successfully reproduced and accorded with clinical characteristics.During the modeling period,the rats in the model group had poor activity,reduced food intake,significantly reduced body mass and abdominal circumference,corresponding pathological changes in gastric antrum and colon tissues,and decreased gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate.The possible cause of this effect might be the blockage of pyrexia evil,obstruction of gastrointestinal tract and obstruction of qi,which affected the normal gastrointestinal digestion and excretion work of rats.As a result,there appears a series of gastrointestinal motility decline performance2.Yinlai decoction treatment group can significantly enhance gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate of model rats.Its regulation process may be through affecting the level of hormones in gastrointestinal tract to strengthen the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle,adjust gastrointestinal syndrome,thereby promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis and improving gastrointestinal motility. |
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