| Climate change may bring immeasurable influence to our ecological environment. Our country is one of the world's climate change vulnerable areas, and climate change has a serious impact on production and development of the society. The sun is the nearest star to the Earth. The relationship between solar activity and climate system is inseparable. Based on the date of temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration in China from 1957 to 2014, we analyzed the characteristics of climate change and study the relationship between the number of Sunspots and climate elements by selecting linear analysis, M-K mutation test, wavelets analysis and correlation analysis of Spass. The study aimed to master the regulations of climatic change, take effective measures to prevent disasters and provide a reference basis for the effects of climate change. Results showed that:1. The annual temperature increased highly significantly in 8 regions from 1957 to 2014, and the annual average temperature in northern region of China increased greater than in southern region of China. The seasonal temperature in 8 regions showed a rising trend. The warming of winter made a greater contribution to annual average temperature. The annual precipitation decreased in Northeast China, Northern China, the east of Northwest China and Southwest China from 1957 to 2014. The annual precipitation showed a rising trend in other four regions. The changing trend of seasonal precipitation was different in China. The precipitation in summer made a greater contribution to annual precipitation change. Annual sunshine hours in various regions showed that it was a downward trend from 1957 to 2014.The changing trend of seasonal sunshine duration mainly was a downward trend in 8 regions of China. The sunshine hours in summer made a greater contribution to annual sunshine change.2. The temperature showed obvious mutation in 8 regions from 1957 to 2014 (except for the west of Northwest China and Tibetan Plateau). The annual precipitation in Northern China, the east of Northwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and Southern China showed no obvious mutation.The others showed obvious mutation from 1957 to 2014. The annual sunshine duration showed obvious mutation from more to less in Northeast China. The west of Northwest China, Southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Southern China, and the others showed no obvious mutation. From the season perspective, the time of mutation was complicated and not completely equivalent for temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration in 8 regions.3. The main change cycles of annual average temperature were 4a and 9a in 8 regions from 1957 to 2014. The main changes cycles of annual precipitation were 4a, 10a, and 20a in 8 regions from 1957 to 2014. The first major cycle of annual sunshine duration was 10a, and the second major cycle of annual sunshine duration was 4-5a in 8 regions from 1957 to 2014. From the season perspective, the main change cycle of the temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration was not identical in 8 regions from 1957 to 2014.4. The results showed that the correlation between climate change and sunspots was complicated at 11-year time scale in different regions, and there were regional and time-dependent characteristics. There was significant correlation between the number of sunspots and annual average temperature in the eastern monsoon region of China. Sunspots may affect temperature change by monsoon activity in China. In winter, there was no significant correlation between the number of sunspots and winter temperature in Northeast China and Northern China, and there was significant positive correlation in other 6 regions at 11-year time scale in 58 years. When solar activity is stronger, the winter monsoon may weaken. It makes temperature increase in East Asia. Therefore, there was significant positive correlation between the number of sunspots and winter temperature in most parts of China. However, there was no significant correlation between the number of sunspots and winter temperature in Northeast China and Northern China. Even if the winter monsoon is weak, it would reach Northeast China and Northern China.Therefore, the strength change of the winter monsoon doesn't affect the temperature change. The annual precipitation was greatly influenced by sunspots in eastern region of China. Solar activity might affect the annual precipitation by the strength change of monsoon. In summer, there was negative correlation between the number of sunspots and summer precipitation in the southeast monsoon area, and there was positive correlation between the number of sunspots and summer precipitation in the non-monsoon region of northwest China and the southwest monsoon area. In sunnary, there was reasonable connection among solar activity, the East Asian summer monsoon and the subtropical high pressure in the western Pacific. But the mechanism might be more complicated, which detailed needed to study further. The relationship between the number of sunspots and sunshine hours presented significantly positive correlation in Northeast China, Northern China, the east of Northwest China, Tibetan Plateau and Southwest China.There was no significant correlation in the west of Northwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China.The mechanism between solar activity and sunshine hours were very complex. The sunshine hours on the surface of the earth was also relevant to the atmosphere and weather condition. In summer, The relationship between the number of sunspots and sunshine hours presented significantly positive correlation in Northeast China, Northern China, Southwest China.There was significantly negative correlation in the west of Northwest China. There was no significant positive correlation in the east of Northwest China, Tibetan Plateau, Southwest China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at 11-year time scale in almost 58 years.The relationship between sunspots and precipitation showed significantly negative correlation at 11-year time scale in Northeast China, Northern China and Southern China, which would further strengthen the positive correlation between sunshine hours and the number of sunspots. On the contrary, there was significant negative correlation between the number of sunspots and sunshine hours in the west of Northwest China and it made the correlation between the precipitation and the number of sunspots significantly positive.According to the above analysis, there was different correlation between the number of sunspots and climatic elements at 11-year time scale from 1957 to 2014. However, the correlation in different time and regions was difference, and it was not simply positive effect or negative effect. The climate change had many factors including nature and human activity. The number of sunspots may be just one of those. Therefore it was a meaningful research that the intensity of sunspots activity was demonstrated as one of the indicators of climate change. |
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