| Public transport system is an important infrastructure for urban development, and it is an important guarantee for urban functions to play an effective role. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of China’s economy, the process of urbanization continues to accelerate, urban traffic is increasingly unable to adapt to the development of the city. Many cities in our country have carried out the comprehensive improvement project of urban traffic. Which is an important basis for improving transport facilities to reach a reasonable transportation planning, and how objective and quantitative assessment of the effect of improving transport infrastructure is an important research, which help government decision-making, to provide an objective decision support has important practical significance, their evaluation methods development and research of academic value. In recent years, the academic community around the urban transport facilities improved economic assessment conducted a lot of research, forming a lot of research results, but the evaluation method focused on Engineering field, economic evaluation of cost benefit from the perspective of the investor in the improvement of traffic facilities. But rarely analyzed from the consumer, facilities user’s perspective. Based on the fundamental point of view of welfare economics, the individual is best one for their welfare assessors, and as members of society every citizen of the sum of individual welfare constitute the overall level of social welfare, the welfare of the residents of their own assessment to evaluate the level of improvement of transport facilities is of great significance. Therefore, this study based on the basic theory of welfare economics, analysis of the impact of urban public transport facilities improvement on the welfare changes of urban residents from the perspective of consumers. In this study, two methods are used to assess the changes of residents’welfare:first, based on the following general equilibrium analysis to improve the transport facilities on the economic well-being of residents. The second, based on willingness to pay SVM method of research, analysis to improve transport facilities and non-residents of an economy on the economic welfare.First of all, to assess the impact of traffic facilities improvement on the general equilibrium conditions. This study through the measurement of consumer surplus under general equilibrium, use the concept of consumer representation and assuming that the utility function is a quasi linear utility function. Therefore, consumer surplus can be used to measure the changes in the welfare of residents. Because in a region, the residents of the total traffic demand is certain, which means that as people adding new transportation facilities needs will reduce the need for other transportation facilities. Thus, consumer surplus can be obtained at the general equilibrium framework. Under conditions of general equilibrium, the total amount of welfare changes derived transport facilities improved consumer surplus is equal to the sum of income and taxes. Under conditions of general equilibrium, deduced the total welfare changes in transport facilities improved consumer surplus is equal to the sum of income and taxes. As empirical research, The metro and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Chengdu is selected to quantitatively analyze the contribution of traffic facilities improvement to the changes of residents’welfare. Found:(1) After the construction of the subway, the remaining changes in consumer is 49900 yuan, tax revenue change is-7400 yuan, and the total benefit is 42500 yuan; (2)After the completion of the construction of the elevated Ring, the change of Consumer surplus is 83475 yuan, the change of tax revenue change is-10750 yuan, the total benefit is 72725 yuan.Second, For the assessment of the impact of residents’the economy and non-economic welfare, using of contingent valuation method (CVM) to improve the transport facilities are measured residents’welfare changes. Using the contingent valuation method (CVM) to measure the changes of the welfare of the residents in the improvement of transportation facilities. Based on the theory of CVM method and pre survey results, design questionnaire by (Payment Card, PC), take Chengdu city as the research region, distributed 512 questionnaires,407 were recovered. Get the residents’ willing to pay for the improvement of public transport facilities, how much they will pay. And its willingness to pay by what factors. The study found:(1) 67.34% of the respondents were willing to pay for the improvement of traffic facilities,31.94% of the survey to improve the traffic facilities have no willingness to pay. calculating the willingness of residents to improve the public transport facilities by using the average number. The results showed that the sample average willingness to pay for 245.74 yuan/(year · people) and a total population of Chengdu’s willingness to pay is estimated based on the Chengdu population statistics for 348.21 billion yuan per year, namely from the consumer’s point of view, public transport facilities to improve the value for 384.21 billion yuan. According to the Chengdu city planning, "13th Five-Year", Chengdu city will complete more than 230 billion yuan investment in the field of transport during this period, which means with the next five years, Chengdu City Government’s annual investment in public transport will be more than 46 billion yuan, Chengdu residents only willing to pay 34.821 billion yuan each year to improve public transport, Less than the needed to improve the investment for transport--46 billion yuan. Of course, the improvement of traffic facilities caused by the efficiency of the city and enhance the economic vitality of the active value can not be ignored. With using multiple linear regression analysis willing influence factors of the residents, it is found that the satisfaction of the current traffic situation, in the construction of public transport concern degree, personal annual income (Inc), age (age) and education degree (EDU) variable is an important factor which affects the public transport facilities improve the willingness to pay. Willingness to pay for the existing traffic conditions, the level of satisfaction and the level of interest in the construction of public transport variables significant negative correlation, Willingness to pay was significantly positively correlated with annual income (Inc), age (Age) and education level (EDU) variables.Finally, by comparing changes in residents’ welfare of the two methods of measurement obtained, It found that:The consumer surplus method under general equilibrium conditions to obtain residents’ welfare changes less than the residents of Chengdu public traffic improvement willingness to pay, We consider the following factors that cause the result:(1) the value of public transport facilities is not only have economic value, but also have non-economic value. In the sample questionnaire survey, only 40.51% of the respondents were willing to pay for public transportation due to the public transport to reduce travel costs. More than 70% of the respondents pay more attention to public traffic of comfort, safety and convenience, and public transportation should reduce the environmental pollution, saving energy resource and Optimization of the public transport system to improve the living environment has become the reason why residents choose to pay. It can be seen, for the improvement of transportation facilities, residents not only focus on simple travel costs, but also pay more attention to the quality of life and improving of the living environment that because of traffic facilities improvement. Also may be due to consumer surplus is the result of analog data, it do not represent welfare changes in the whole traffic facilities in Chengdu. |
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