Development Level Assessment Of Land–Marine Complex System And Research On Its Synergetic Evolution In The Coastal Region Of China

The marines are a crucial source of natural resources for human development since productive land resources are increasingly reaching the limits of economic and ecological exploitation.As the human impact on marines has gradually increased,it has become vital to ensure a sustainable and synergetic land–marine relationship.Long-term ocean-and land-based human activities increasingly represent both direct and indirect threats to the oceans.As reported by Antunes and Santos,the oceans face severe problems due to:(1)overfishing;(2)dumping and spills in the ocean;(3)coastal ecosystem destruction;(4)land-based contamination;and(5)pressures associated with climate change.These manifold,complex interactions and effects significantly increase levels of risk,exposure,and sensitivity of coastal communities and ocean systems and thus increase their vulnerability to human activities;and even place the goal of “sustainable development”—the balanced socio-economic benefit of the marine environment—out of reach for some regions.With these points in mind,sustainable development of the land–marine complex systems has long been a focus of research and policy initiatives,despite the difficulties of understanding the relationships between land and marine.For decades,marine economy has been rapidly developing in China,effects between land and marine were gradually deepened,competition and cooperation between them have become more and more strong.Against this background,study of land–marine complex system in the coastal region of China will have very important theoretical and practical significance.Land–marine complex system is constituted by two relatively independent subsystems—land and marine.Through a variety of response mechanisms,it became a regional composite system which contains specific structure and function.Referring complex system and synergetic theory,the paper analyzed the meaning and synergetic evolution mechanism of land–marine complex system.On this based,this study set up the index system for measure land–marine complex system.Then,the development levels of land and marine subsystem of 11 coastal regions in China were calculated by variable weight model from 1996 to 2012.Using information entropy model,this article measured scores of information entropy and order degrees of the land–marine complex system.The results indicated that:information entropy scores of land–marine complex system declined year by year,and order degree showed an upward trend,but there was a significant regional difference in coastal areaof China.For further study,synergetic evolution model of land–marine complex system was established,and the paper estimated the model parameters using genetic algorithm,recognized the synergetic evolution classification and period of the complex system.As a result,except Hainan and Guangxi,the land–marine relations of coastal areas in China were cooperative.11 provinces and cities were respectively in four different evolution period.The causes of synergetic evolution patterns and period were analyzed and countermeasures for synergetic development were briefly put forward.