The Characteristics Of Arable Land Use Change And Countermeasures Of Sustainable Utilization In Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area

As a large agricultural country and most populous country in the past few decades, China has solved the problem of food and clothing for one-fifth of the world's population through the use of limited arable land resources. In the future, our country will still be under lots of pressure, such as limited arable land resources and water resources, urban sprawl and environmental protection, etc.In this context, how to deploy these limited resources reasonably, improve the competitiveness of food production is directly related to our country's food security and ecological security. Our country has a vast territory and various types of land. In the mountainous area, the flat land is the most obvious feature of the land in our country. Although the total amount of arable land resources, but the per capita arable land, high quality arable land, arable land reserve resources, the contradiction between people and land is very prominent. Therefore, the research of land use change characteristics and driving factors, has important practical significance to more rational allocation and sustainable utilization of arable land resources in the future.Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area has a high quality arable land resources of grain production in china. With nearly 60 years of development of large-scale, high strength, in successive years to obtain grain yield, stable yield at the same time, reclamation area of water and soil resources loss, anti disaster ability weakened and arable land reserve resources tend to tense increasingly apparent. Especially with the global climate warming, Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area by an increase in the number, the quality of arable land decreased and planting structure changes of the phenomenon is very obvious. Under future climate warming trend will continue in the background under the study of the arable land resource sustainable utilization and planting structure adjustment, to continue for the state to provide more commodity grain, the grain production "regulator" role play, to provide basis for decision making.In this paper, Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area as the study area, launches the research from the following aspects of arable land use change to.First, this paper expounds the domestic and foreign related research on arable land use change, introduced the natural conditions, social economic conditions and land resources utilization of study area.Second, analysis the spatial and temporal characteristics of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area, including arable land quantity, quality and use structure changes, the conclusion is:a steady increase in the total amount of arable land; arable land change speed performance for the paddy growth velocity is larger than that of upland growth rate; the quality of arable land decreased gradually, mainly for the middle and low yielding fields than the major, agricultural land low grade, high amount of chemical fertilizer, a serious decline in soil fertility, and soil erosion phenomenon can not be ignored; in addition, the conversion of flood and drought is one of the salient features of the planting structure of Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area and rice and corn acreage rose faster, wheat and soybean acreage decreased greatly.Third, as Jiansanjiang Branch an example, analysis the driving force of arable land use change in Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area, on the one hand, natural factors, including temperature and precipitation, temperature increase and precipitation decrease is the main feature, the heat resources of the increase is one of the main reason for the expansion of arable land area; on the other hand, for social and economic factors, including market factors, policy factors, agricultural management mechanism and technological factors.Fourth, according to the analysis of arable land use change driving force, is presented by using farmland in Heilongjiang Reclamation region sustainable strategies, in paying equal attention to the protection of arable land and arable land under the premise, the establishment of adapt to the climatic conditions of planting structure, and the implementation of family farms in the moderate scale. At the same time, standardize and strengthen the land circulation, promote arable land sustainable use.