| Atrial fibrillation(AF)is the most common clinical arrhythmia.The prevalence is estimated to vary from 1% in the general population to 17% in the 80-year-old population.In recent years,minimally invasive catheter ablation has been widely used as an effective method for the treatment of persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.Endocardial mapping technology has also been studied and applied by more and more people as a core technology for catheter ablation.Endocardial mapping is an electrocardiographic anatomy mapping method that can perform real-time catheter positioning in non-X-rays,establish a three-dimensional visualization model,and accurately locate ablation targets.The endocardial mapping technique mainly includes two parts: spatial mapping(catheter positioning)and time mapping(excited order).The spatial mapping is mainly performed by non-X-ray endocardial catheter positioning.The temporal mapping is mainly performed by electrocardiographic identification to perform a sequential mapping of the activation.At present,the spatial positioning of catheter based on electric field and its intracardiac electrophysiological mapping method are widely used in clinic as an endocardial mapping method.However,the positioning accuracy is not high and the mapping is difficult.Static distortion and dynamic interference influence positioning accuracy and stability are relatively low.On the other hand,for endocardial mapping,there are currently mainly manual mapping methods in China,with high surgical thresholds and long mapping times.There is still no uniform standard for ECG feature recognition and automatic acquisition of effective heartbeat standards.For this reason,this article focuses on the two key issues of catheter localization and endocardial automatic mapping in endocardial mapping technology to conduct in-depth research and discussion.Firstly,various factors that affect the accuracy of electric field positioning are analyzed comprehensively.Secondly,a non-linear registration method for the static distortion of the positioning electric field and an adaptive compensation technique for dynamic breathing are proposed to eliminate the interference and improve the accuracy of the electric field positioning of the endocardial catheter.In addition,through the automatic recognition of body surface QRS and intracardiac A-wave and V-wave,the automatic endocardial mapping technique was preliminarily explored by designing a standard for automatically determining the effective heartbeat and automatically calculating the relative activation time.The main innovations and contributions of this article are as follows:1.Surrounding the static distortion of the positioning electric field in the heart,based on the integrated biological field finite element solution platform SCIRun,a corresponding numerical model was established,and the influence of static distortion was solved and analyzed;at the same time,combined with the magnetic positioning signal,through the nonlinear distribution This kind of static distortion of the positioning electric field is accurately calibrated and compensated.2.A multi-parameter weighted respiration signal extraction method based on principal component and correlation analysis was proposed,namely,a stable respiratory signal was extracted from intracardiac and surface respiratory signal sources,and adaptive dynamic compensation was applied to the positioning electric field to improve the accuracy of electric field positioning.3.proposing an automatic mapping method based on QRS and automatic intra-cardiac A-wave and V-wave recognition.An automatic heartbeat criterion and relevant algorithm were designed automatically.The electrophysiological automatic mapping of endocardium was initially discussed.The research work in this paper aims to solve the problem of intracardiac catheter localization and endocardial automated mapping in cardiac three-dimensional electrophysiological mapping: On the one hand,the static distortion and dynamic respiratory disturbance of the positioning electric field are deeply analyzed from principle analysis,numerical simulation and animal experiments.Based on the influence of the electric field localization of the catheter in the heart,the static distortion of the non-linear alignment correction electric field is proposed and the self-adaptive compensation of the dynamic respiration of the positioning electric field is proposed.The purpose of this technique is to effectively improve the endocardial mapping system.Positioning accuracy of the catheter in the electric field and clinical atrial fibrillation ablation success rate.On the other hand,an endocardial automatic mapping method based on electrophysiological excitation mapping is given.The relative activation time is calculated by the recognition of the surface QRS complexes and the intracardiac A-wave and V-wave,and a preliminary automatic heartbeat based on automatic selection is achieved.Standard endocardial auto-mapping,this technique may help increase the efficiency of clinical endocardial mapping. |
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