A Study On The Evolution Mechanism Of The Policy Of Key Construction Of Higher Education In China

With the globalization and the knowledge economy,the excellent development of higher education has become an important way for countries(regions)to enhance their international competitiveness.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the policy of key construction of higher education that shoulders the mission of supporting social and economic construction has gone through more than 60 years of changes.Although the implementation of a series of key construction policies of higher education has provided a sustained and sufficient impetus for the country's development,it also creates a lot of obstacles.Nowadays,at the beginning of the implementation of the "Double first-rate" construction strategy,it is very important to study how to avoid the negative impact of the development of the policy of key construction of higher education in the past.So,this paper based on the analysis framework of the institutional change theory,and comb the evolution course of the key university construction of higher education in China by the method of policy text analysis to dig deeply into the mechanism of change on key construction policies,in order to explore how to promote more scientific and effective policy changes in the new period.The institutional change theory of the new institutional economics is represented by Hayek,Olson,North and Aoki Masahiko,among them,the most widely used is the theory of institutional change of North.The theoretical framework of North's institutional change theory is constructed from five aspects:the agent,the power,the path,the mode and the path dependence of institutional change,it aim to explore the mechanism of institutional change.This paper is based on the theoretical framework to analyzes the evolution mechanism of the policy of the key construction of higher education and we can find:First,government leaders and the central government are the shaping of the policy direction of the key construction of higher education in China.,local governments and universities are the promoters of the policy change,the country and the key colleges are the direct beneficiaries from changes of policies of the change.At the sametime,there is a "cooperation and win-win" relationship among the agents.Secondly,the motive force of the policy change of the key construction of higher education in China is the national interest and the national development.Thirdly,the path of policy change of key construction of higher education in China is progressive change.Fourthly,the change mode of key construction policy of Chinese higher education shown the characteristics of compulsory transition.Fifthly,the current development of key policies of higher education in China has shown the identity,interests and "top-down" concept solidified path dependence,and the formation of path dependence originates from the choice of the initial system,the internal institutional constraints and the institutional obstacles caused by the absence of supporting institutions.The paper further analyzes the positive and negative effects of the policy evolution mechanism of the key construction of higher education in China.The positive influence is shown in the following four aspect that include :the government's leading role ensures the steady development of the policy,the power of national interest and national development promote the efficient implementation,the path of progressive change ensures the continuity of the policy,the mode of compulsory change has promoted the continuous innovation of the policy.The negative influence include: the government leading and the national interest driving led to the lack of democratic participation mechanism in the policy reform of the key construction of higher education in China,the progressive change causes the weakness of deep reform of the key construction policies of higher education in China,the mode of compulsory change leads the obstruction of interaction channels of policy's change,and the path dependence leads to the lower cost preference in the policy reform of the key construction of higher education in China.So,in order to remove the obstacles to the subsequent policy development caused by the evolution mechanism of key construction policy of higher education in China,the future direction of policy reform should be:from the government leading to the construction of democratic consultation mechanism,from slow and minor adaptation to step by step combined with breakthroughs made in key areas,,from “top-down”policy procedures to channels of continuous interaction,and from focusing on the cost of policy change to emphasizing the cost-benefit transition.And we should reform the policy by some measure,which include building the stereoscopic management model of “government-social organization-university”,improving and strictly implementing dynamic competition mechanism of “in and out of order”,improving the interest expression mechanism of “bottom-up”,,and implementing a comprehensive policy assessment centred on policy effectiveness.