Static Comparison Of Middle School Physics Textbooks Between China And Russia And Study On Dynamic Application Of Typical Experiments

China and Russia have always been closely linked.There are many famous physicists and educators in Russia and the former Soviet Union.China and Russia are members of the BRICS and Russia is also the countries largest and most important neighboring country.There fore,it is necessary to strengthen China-Russia exchange in education.Middle school physics is the starting point for students to learn physics and textbooks are the significant part of curriculum implementation.In order to provide references for textbook writers and assimilate the essence and reject the dross,it is necessary to study the similarities and differences between the content structure and layout of textbooks in both countries.The Russian textbooks used in this study are wildly used in Russia middle schools.The 8th grade physics("??????.8 ??")of 2010 edition and "7th grade physics"("??????.7 ??")of 2013 edition of the physics textbook of the Soviet physicist Bereschkin(?.?.????????)series are chosed."Physical Eighth Grade First Edition" of 2012 edition,"Physical Eighth Grade Second Edition" of 2012 edition,and "Physics Year 9 First Grade" of 2013 edition were published by the People's Education Press are used as Chinese middle school physics textbooks.The literature research and comparative analysis methods are used to compare the textbooks of the two countries statically.Russian typical experiments are selected to practice in the Chinese classroom.This study mainly includes six parts.The first introduction part introduces the background of the topic,research status,significance,methods and the selection of textbooks in the two countries.The main part compares the form,content and experiments of the textbook and selects Russian typical experiments to practice in the Chinese classroom.In the form of textbooks,the overall design of Chinese textbooks is lively and close to life and the number of pictures in the book is large.The layout of textbooks is in line with the psychological characteristics and thinking patterns of middle school students The content of textbooks links the development of society and science and technology.The preface in the book is written in a concise language that can instantly arouse students' interest in learning physics.The design of Russian textbooks is relatively neutral,and the shades are mainly iqqn cool colors.The pictures in the book show more physicist figures.Columns are set up progressively to help teachers and students grasp the difficult points of knowledge.The preambular part is gradual and progressive,allowing students to gradually understand physics in reading and learning.On the content of textbooks,through the chi-square test,it is concluded that the two sets of textbooks are significantly related.Although the two sets of textbook knowledge points have their own emphasis,there is little difference in the number of students' knowledge points.The content of Chinese textbooks pays more attention to the relations between science,technology and society.Some knowledge of Russian textbooks is slightly more appropriate than that of China.Through the course difficulty model,taking "Electricity" as an example to compare the difficulty of textbooks in both countries,it is concluded that the content of China's "Electricity" course is more difficult than Russia.In textbook experiments,there are 130 experiments in China and 80 in Russia.Both countries have the most electrical experiments.The experimental columns in both countries are very rich.The four columns of Chinese textbooks are experiments,demonstrations,expansive experiments and doing after thinking.The four columns of Russian textbooks are student experiments,demonstration experiments,expansive experiments and experiments in the task.Most of the experiments in Chinese physics textbooks are embedded in the text.They are usually introduced by using physical concepts or physical laws and indicating the objectives of the experiment or setting up an experiment to introduce the following physical concepts or laws.Experiments in Russian textbooks are organized in an organized and step-by-step way to indicate experimental objectives,laboratory equipment,experimental procedures,precautions and so on.Both countries focus on exploratory experiments and mostly qualitative experiments.The experiment of selecting the “object interaction” in Russian textbooks is practiced in Chinese classrooms.Students can conduct experiments and learn physical laws through experiments.The last part summarizes the research work and research content of this study.