The Operation Of Teaching Supervision In Primary And Middle Schools In The Republic Of China

As a basic part of the educational visual guidance system,teaching supervision is an inspection and guidance to the general situation of the educational institutions at all levels.During the period of the Republic of China,the system of seeing and seeing of instruction began in the end of the Qing Dynasty.At the end of the Qing Dynasty promulgated the "inspection regulations",set the visual inspection officer,divided inspection area,opened the prelude to inspection,marking the modern education system established.After the founding of the Republic of China,the political,economic,educational system in addition to the old cloth of the new changes in teaching supervision also will be a new historical development.The operation of instructional guidance for the Republic of nurturing a large number of primary and secondary school teachers,in order to improve the quality of education and education to make a certain contribution.At present,China emphasizes the need to improve the education supervision system,the study of primary and secondary school teaching in the Republic of China,to answer this question to provide a useful historical reference.This study relies on the historical data excavated and tries to use the methods of document analysis,comparative analysis and historical research from the perspectives of the teaching and observing operation.From the perspective of the subject,the supervision guide,The supervision method,the supervision effect and so on.The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the system to understand the operating mechanism of teaching supervision and to improve the effectiveness of the present teaching.The main contents of this study include five parts:The main contents are as follows: introduction,definition,literature review,research purpose and significance,research content,train of thought and method as well as the important and difficult points and innovation points of the research.The paper mainly introduces the literature review Information,and sort out the research ideas.It is suggested that teaching supervision is based on the relevant educational standard and under the guidance of some educational ideas,the instructional instructor inspects and guides the teaching quality of the school,and aims to improve the teaching skill and improve the students' learning effect.The first part mainly introduces the history of the system of teaching and observing,and expatiates on the system of seeing and guiding from the three periods.The first period is the end of the Qing Dynasty-1912,this period is the teaching visualization system transplantation and the creation of the Qing government promulgated the Ministry of Education,"Inspection Charter",set inspectors,delineation of the visual area and determine the inspection tasks Which has reflected and improved the educational situation to a certain extent and laid a foundation for the reform of the teaching and guiding system in the period of the Republic of China.The second period is 1912-1918,this period is the exploration and creation of the system,the beginning of the promulgation of the "Ministry of Education inspection procedures","provincial inspection procedures" and "county inspection procedures",the formal establishment of the Three-level,as the guide network,changing the chaotic situation of teaching and guidance around,making the local teaching and guidance system tends to unity.The third period is 1918-1949,this period is the teaching aids system of aphasia and open a new period,experienced obsolescence and stagnation,revival and development,compared to the early Republic of China,compared with the increase in visual guidance agencies to improve the visual The appointment of the standard,refinement of the visual guide content,enriching the method of teaching visual guidance,teaching visual guidance system has been further improved.The second part focuses on the practical operation of the teaching guidance in the Republic of China.The operation of the instructional guidance is analyzed from the perspective of the subject,the guided object,the visual process,the visual guide method and the supervision standard.The supervision and the supervision process are respectively described in these dimensions,.In the aspect of seeing and seeing the subject,the paper discusses the appointment qualification,job requirement and training management of the staff,and points out that the appointment of teaching inspector in the period of the Republic of China mainly focused on the educational background andeducation experience,and also has certain requirements for the visual guide personnel's own physique and accomplishment;The duties of the inspector include inspecting,guiding,researching and writing the report;in order to improve the performance of the visual guide,the Republic of China attention retraining and test into the pilot.In the visual guide standards,no rules are not a radius of the Republic of China late developed a unified standard of primary and secondary school education,and enhance the visual and scientific and professional.In the visual guide method,the creative use of a variety of visual means,and in the actual visual guide activities,but also a specific method of visual guidance.The third part is mainly to reflect on the running effect of primary and middle school teaching during the Republic of China.From the point of view of the operation of the instructional visualization,we will examine the pros and cons and examine the reasons for its failure.The paper mainly discusses whether the operation of the instructional guidance corrects the wrong track of its development,whether it has cultivated primary and secondary school teachers and whether it has improved the education and teaching.And then the reasons for the view of the operation of the teaching as a result of the view that the constraints of the national conditions at the time,the system of teaching visual inspection system defects and the limitations of their own vision is the main reason.The fourth part: summarizes the useful inspiration to the present teaching guidance.It is suggested that the teaching visual guidance provided by China's teaching visual guidance in the period of the Republic of China includes the following: establishing a relatively independent visual guide organization,reflecting the governance orientation;perfecting the teaching visual system,reflecting the orientation of the legal system;establishing a professional visual guidance team;Professional orientation;shaping a good relationship between teaching and guide,reflecting the service orientation.