Hanlin Academician And Central Politics In Late Tang And Five Dynasties

The main functions of Hanlin academician were drafting imperial edict and providing political advices.In Five Dynasties,Hanlin academician's functions were extends in taking charge of imperial examination,joining army with his commissioned post,presiding over local military and civil affairs and so on.It made the original functions for the academicians of Five Dynasties had some decay,which showed the main functions of academicians in Five Dynasties was gradually transforming from inner court to outer court.The change of academician's functions caused the change of personnel selection and appointment criteria.The proportion of the academicians from Jinshi origin declined and the one from military official promotion increased.The old ministers of monarch were more selected,and posts competence of the academicians was getting more and more attention.The relationship between Hanlin academician and central political system was reflected on Hanlin academician with other central political officials including Zaixiang,Shumishi,Zhongshusheren and other academicians.In late Tang dynasty,imperial power were restricted by eunuch and Jiedushi,which makes the functions of Hanlin academician that were from monarch had changed.In late Tang and Five Dynasties,Hanlin academician could still be promoted to Zaixiang,but in Five Dynasties,the real Zaixiang must have the post of Shumishi at the same time.The power of Bureau of Military Affairs had greatly improved in Five Dynasties than late Tang dynasty,and the Shumishi also had the functions of drafting imperial edict and providing political advices.It makes the functions of Hanlin academician in these aspects had some decline.From Tang dynasty to Five Dynasties,Zhongshusheren had become a commissioned post gradually,which made the two-system system coming from Tang dynasty gradually disintegrated.Hanlin academician,Duanmingdian academician,Shumifushi and other relevant officials were taken charge of drafting imperial edict together.The group of consultant in central political system had some expansion in Five Dynasties than late Tang dynasty.Hanlin academician,and Shumizhi academician,Duanmingdian academician were working together for monarch,which was conductive to more rational and scientific decision-making.Meanwhile,in the process of decision participating,the promotion order of Shumizhi academician to Hanlin academician to Duanmingdian academician was gradually formed.