| Since the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Qidan and the Central Plains Dynasty had more frequent and close contact.At very long time since then, the Qidan and the Central Plains Dynasty happened many times between the conflict and war, but trade between the two sides, friendly exchanges were still the mainstream. The late Tang and Five Dynasties to the occasion, on the one hand because of the Central Plains region was in the separatism, the forces have been weakened; on the other hand, since the the northern desert and grassland of region collapsed, grassland tribal area were in the rudderless, it made Qidan of western Liao has the opportunity to rise through a series of wars to dominate the grassland, and it continued to move south, looting the Central Plains region, getting a large number of population and property, and gave the approach of the Central Plains region great economic damage.In this historical period, the Central Plains region and Qidan were in increasingly close contact, mutual understanding and communication were in the more in-depth. Under such circumstances, a large number of Central Plains people, including a large number of scholar-officials, have entered the Qidan for various reasons.After they had entered Qidan and Liao Dynasty, they also made further communicate for two sides and had make important contributions.Among the people at the end of the Tang to Later Liang, Tang, Jin,Han,Zhou Dynasty, their ways of entering Qidan were different, it included mainly:First, they were forced to move into the Liao territory in the process of Qidan military went to the south;Secondly, they were forced to surrender during the confrontation between the Qidan and the Central Plains Dynasty; Thirdly, they took the initiative to Qidan in the surrender way; The fourth, they were forcily detained in the mission; Lastly, in the early of You and Yun sixteen-states areas was ceded to the Qidan, they naturally had been put under the rule of the Qidan and Liao Dynasty.However, many Central Plains people who initially moved into the Qidan and Liao Dynasty, did not regard Qidan and Liao Dynasty as their own "orthodox dynasty" in mind, they still expected to return to the Central Plains one day, and returned to their hometown. Therefore, in the minds of these Central Plains peole, "Hua and Yi" idea has gone through a very difficult transformation process, while on the one hand, the changes was contributed to the wars and tyranny which would continue declining of the Central Plains Dynasty; on the other hand,it was a Qidan Dynasty continuously strong which aimed to adopt a variety of reuse measures to appease the Central Plains people.Faced to this shift in the situation. The Central Plains people gradually got rid of the heavy burden of thought about "Hua and Yi", and then bent to help Qidan and Liao Dynasty,regarded it as the orthodox,and extended to the next generations, and promoted the national integration in the Chinese northern region.Central Plains People who moved into the Northern Qidan and Liao Dynasty Strongly had made many contributions.In the political field,Central Plains People helped rulers effectively to strengthen the centralization of power, so that the Liao Dynasty gradually formed a unique "North-South" bureaucracy.At the same time they had assisted the Qidan and Liao Dynasty to perfected legal system,to further consolidate its rules; In the economic field,Central Plains People promoted the Qidan and Liao Dynasty in the agriculture, handicraft industry and other fields;in the military, a lot of Central Plains People helped to improve combat effectiveness, operational tools and a rich tactics, it played an important role for the army to grow stronger. In the field of culture, because lots of Central Plains People entered the Qidan and Liao Dynasty,they improved the cultural level of the Qidan people, it formed an integrated Qidan of "Minority and Han"-the culture of Liao Dynasty. |
