Research On The Animal Figures In Tombs Of The Han Dynasty In Jiangsu Province

The animal figures are one of the burial items in the tombs of Han Dynasty.It is not only a simulation of the material living conditions of the people at that time,but also a reflection of the change of the funeral concept and social system at that time.The preliminary study of these animal sculptures is of great value to the understanding of the economic development level of the agricultural sideline industry,the funeral system,the aesthetic taste,and the understanding of the ideological and cultural connotation of the Han Dynasty.In the Han Dynasty,the Jiangsu Province was divided into several kingdoms such as Chu,Guangling,Sishui and other counties.With the continuous deepening of the archaeological work of the Han Tombs in Jiangsu and the continuous accumulation of information,it is possible to use the theories and methods of archaeology to study the animal sculptures unearthed from the Han Tombs in Jiangsu.In this paper,357 pieces of animal figures unearthed from 115 Han Tombs in Jiangsu are classified and counted.The purpose of this study is to explore the evolution of the figures,combinations and shapes of the animal figures in Jiangsu tombs,in order to facilitate the study of the staging and zoning of the animal figures and to discuss the period of the Han Dynasty.The development of agriculture and sideline industry and the funeral custom at that time.It is divided into the following parts:Classification of animal figures unearthed from Han Tombs in Jiangsu area.According to the species of the animal figures excavated in the tomb of Han Dynasty,it is divided into two categories:domestic animals,and wild animals.Through quantitative analysis,the proportion of the different species of animal figures is reflected and compared with the burial situation of the animal figures in Xi’an and Luoyang in order to understand the commonness and personalities of the burial of the animal figures in the Jiangsu area during the Han Dynasty.The phased study of animal figurines unearthed from Han Tombs in Jiangsu area.Through the analysis of the times and characteristics of the Han tombs of the unearthed animal figures,the animal figures in Jiangsu are divided into four stages:the early Western Han Dynasty,the middle and late Western Han Dynasty,the Wang Mang period to the early Eastern Han Dynasty and the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty.Through phased research,we can understand the types and combinations of burial animals and their technical characteristics in different periods.In the early Western Han Dynasty,the animals figurines were mainly from the tombs of the rank of Lords,which reflected more unearthed horses and figurines.In the middle and late Western Han Dynasty,the terracotta warriors were unearthed from the vassal to the civilian tombs.After the "chaos of the seven countries" of Wu and Chu,the central government strengthened the control of the kingdoms.The number of burial animals figurines was reduced,and the number of domestic animal figures in daily life increased.In the early period of the Wang Mang period to the early Eastern Han Dynasty,due to the economic recovery,the number and size of the animals and animals unearthed were lower than those in the late Western Hanzhoung.In the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty,the tomb figurines,such as the pottery piglets,the pottery pigs,the pottery chickens and the pottery,were common in the tombs,reflecting the economic development of the manor and the popularity of the thick burial.Zoning research on animal figures unearthed from Han Tombs in Jiangsu province.Through the study of the distribution of the animal figures excavated in Jiangsu,the distribution is divided into the region of the Chu state centered on the Xuzhou,the Guangling region with the center of the Yangzhou and the south of the Yangtze River in the center of the Suzhou,and the distribution of the animals in the tomb of the Han Tombs in Jiangsu is studied through the study of the zoning,and the distribution of the animals in the tomb of the Han Tombs in Jiangsu.The causes of different distribution characteristics are analyzed.The Chu state area,centered on Xuzhou,was the hometown of Liu Bang,the hometown of Han Gao Zu,closely connected with the central government,deeply influenced by the Han culture,and the custom of burying the animal figures in the early Western Han Dynasty.The region of Guangling,centered on Yangzhou,was deeply influenced by Chu culture,and was buried with wooden animal figures.In the late Western Han Dynasty,the factors of Chu culture began to decline,and the animal figures were buried by the Han culture.The custom of burying animal figures is not common in the south of the Yangtze River centered on Suzhou.On the one hand,because of the rich natural resources in the south of the Yangtze River,the farming economy is relatively backward compared to the Huaibei area and the Jianghuai,and the poultry and livestock breeding is not developed.On the other hand,the influence degree of the Han culture is not deep.The tomb of the animal figures is mostly the local county officials or the South migrating people,and the burial burials are still buried in the burial burial.The main funerary products were unearthed.Research on the related problems of the animal figures unearthed in Jiangsu.The main reason is the research on the reasons and techniques of the unearthed animals in Jiangsu,and the characteristics of the economic development of the agricultural and sideline industries reflected by the animal figures are discussed.The reasons for the popularity of the animal figures in Jiangsu can be summed up as the popularity of the rulers’ advocacy,the development of the manor economy and the concept of "death as a matter of affairs" of the Confucian culture.The burial of the animal figurines meets the demands of the thin burial,and satisfies the desire of the people to bring their life into the underground and continue to serve themselves.In the production process,there are two systems of animal figures and wooden animal figures in Jiangsu.The production of pottery figurines is combined with hand and mold.The glazed pottery animal figures appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty,reflecting the progress of the process.Wooden animal figurines can be divided into whole carving method and splicing molding method.In this paper,a preliminary study on the species,stages,zoning,popular reasons and production techniques of the animal figurines unearthed in the Han Tombs in Jiangsu is expected to deepen the understanding of the social features of the Jiangsu Province in the Han Dynasty.