Northern Wei Dynasty Guanfeng And Juelu System Research

Just based on clan tribal system: at the beginning of the northern wei dynasty set up,and also with distinctive characteristics of nomadic,animal husbandry economy,hunt economy accounts for a large proportion,but this time officials depend on predatory mode of income booty redistribution,irregular class reward system,namely profit main groups mainly billiton postscript to the department of imperial clan is expensive,and great attached tribal hao Monsieur beaucaire as well as the patriarch of han.Their army to gain plenty of reward,then become wealthy,while other officials gradually poverty.Corrupt bureaucracy in the early northern wei dynasty.To emperor xiaowen,hard work of several generations,the salary system in taihe eight class,started to set pay system,the system not only for beiqi inherit and continue to the Ming and qing dynasties,far-reaching influence.Thesis mainly study the northern wei dynasty officials GuanFeng and JueLu two aspects,the two together constitute the main body of the official income.Have a lot of forefathers' research,the author has some new ideas.The author thinks that the class of northern wei dynasty gives the change of the system mainly has three aspects: first,from class gives the scope of view,there is a gradual shift from army officials to leave process,secondly,from the content of the class give roughly with gold and silver from predatory animals to textiles such as shift,but the cattle have been appearing in every class has given many times,in the end,the early stage of the northern wei dynasty's postwar given classes and each class gives presents a state of decline.Desired place prior to the central,northern wei and should be transformed by local FengLuJun house eat lu.But when the initial stage,lu until the class after the imperial edict,from central to local levels to establish the bread of institutional system.Former generation of scholars pay more attention to the way junfu food eloth,emperor wudi and offer wen emperor periodestablished salary system in place.After refer to historical materials,the writer thinks it is both have inheritance.Chengdu emperor period "protect the va satrap section junfu generals became the satrap place,general lu fu food brought to the place,to offer the emperor wen adopt Zhang Baize hydrophobic after fully establish the salary system in place.Enacted of salary system,the local officials before the salary is not enjoyed by the standardization,and high in letters line after two years and made the"household to give them" and "anywhere to public field" system.Class gives the system did not disappear.Until the period of the reign of emperor xiaowen,its enacted in the country that includes salary system of the central and local officials.Class and gives the system also has not completely lost in history,in addition to offering wen emperor period given no class records,emperor xiaowen and after emperor's still have a class,the class after the war,reward captured war plunder,etc.Just few times,does not occupy the main position in the high officials,the author thinks that this is just the northern wei dynasty extension l 'envoi after localization,the nomadic features of a system remains,also prove that the end once,northern wei has been Hu Han mix of political system.Salary system after class line,emperor xiaowen to perfect the bureaucracy,to strengthen the corruption of officials and got clear bureaucracy.In northern wei emperor xiaowen period established seventy ZhiShi system,from the existing historical data record,some senior officials in Zhi Shi special treated by the emperor,when mentioned officer,so as to improve the treatment of post them.At the same time ZhiShi officials also enjoy the emperor's reward.Ben jue food city system was established during the period of emperor xiaowen,many former generation of scholars have discussed the early northern wei is empty.Is its main security extension postscript to rely on the title reward for class,as well as to the Hu Zu Monsieur beaucaire handsome and han Chinese patriarch and soothing.Period of emperor xiaowen virtualturning to real seal,but also real and virtual closure coexist,grant wang jue is real seal.Which other title,only get the "founding" jue said,is the real seal.Public,hou,baron ",the son,and heirs of the seal of god emperor,consorts and generation of north surname nobility,10 more than the National People's Congress at the king's officer,so the principality of tax is the main source of their income.For official ennobled obtained food cities are all aspects of the study,to better understand and recognize the officials at the time the actual income.On the northern wei dynasty GuanFeng and JueLu reform,the northern wei dynasty country gradually localization process,the system provides the system construction of sui and tang dynasties after good accumulation and used for reference.