The Sayings And Affairs Used In Ancient Literary Works

As a method of Chinese ancient literary creation expression,the allusion is a figure of speech in poetry by using historical and cultural characters,things and sayings in ancient times,in order to make literary works implicit and concise.The use of allusion came to its peak time for the first time in Northern-Southern Dynasties,which can be regarded as the joint definition phase of the allusion theory.As a representative of the poems of Southern dynasty,the Qi and Liang poetry was created with many allusions.The allusion was a feature of poetry at that time together with other performance practices such as antithesis,rhythm and embellishments.In this paper,I will take the Qi and Liang’s poems as the starting point,and analysis its unique artistic expression by studying the phenomenons and features of the allusion in that period,thus better understanding the important role of Qi and Liang literary allusions in literary history.In the first chapter,from the perspective of the origin and development of the consciousness of allusions,i will explore the origin and changes of the consciousness and phenomenon of allusion of the literary history before Qi and Liang dynasty.Besides,I will discuss the phenomena and characteristics of the period from pre Qin to Qi and Liang dynasty.The worship consciousness in Qin dynasty is the source of allusions.In the Han Dynasty,affected by "poetical" poetic tradition,the scholars’ poems were full of Confucian classics,representing in "Yi Jing Li Yi" and "rhetoric basics classics".Since Wei Jin,the concept of literary consciousness and allusions appeared together in the history of literature.Then with the metaphysics development,the scholars used allusions of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi more often in the period of Zheng Shi.During Liu and Song Dynasty,different from Qin and Han Dynasty when the allusion was used by excerpting or alter the text a little,the literati intercepted the key words or changed the original structure when using allusions.The literati in Qi and Liang Dynasty pursued the literature’s beauty of form,which makesallusions,rhythms and antithesis the necessary pragmatic means in literary composition.What’s more,the allusions is more frequently applied at that time.At the same time,the way of using allusions is gradually transited from simple excerpts to a more delicate method.The literati can apply the allusions freely without being recognized,providing a paradigm for allusions in the Tang and Five-age Dynasty.In the second chapter,I will analyze horizontally the category,phenomenon and features of allusions of Qi and Liang dynasties.During Qi and Liang Period,because the prevail of listing allusions,the use of allusions was very complicated.The literati in this period drew allusions in a large size from classics,history,the philosophers,collected works and even from legend and reference books.Many poets good at using allusions were produced,such as Wang Jian,Shen Yue,Ren Fang and Xie Tiao.The allusion represented new phenomenon in the poetic structure of allusion,the allusion groups with similar allusions and the perfect allusion application.The literati employed the allusion in an inverted and concise way,adopted auxiliary word and payed attention to the consistency with the rhythm,which is the advance of allusions in Qi and Liang Period.In the third chapter,I will analyze the allusion theory and present the principles of allusions of Chinese ancient poets theory from vertical,so as to explore the changes of allusions’ theory in different time.The Qi and Liang Period id allusion theory’s formative period in which many scholars like Liu Xie,Zhong Rong,Shen Yue,Xiao Gang,Xiao Zixian,Pei Ziye,Yan Zhitui discussed the allusion from different ways.The “Shi Ge” and the theory of“salt in water” of Tang Dynasty further promoted the development of the theory of allusions.After Song Dynasty,people discussed the allusions more from the methods of it.The “turn a piece of poor writing into a literary gem”and “turn over a new leaf” were the new development of allusions’ theory.The great number of poems and words in Song Dynasty also promote the prosperity of the theory of allusions.Since Yuan Dynasty,there have beenemerging a new direction to explore the allusions from "poetry" perspective.The Qing Dynasty "scholar’s poetry" is a master of ancient literary allusion theory.In the fourth chapter,I will explore the aesthetic effect of allusion and driving mechanism and summarize the enlightenment for today’s literary allusions.Allusions in literary creation is enduring.Internally,it is because of the concentration and ambiguity,which are implicate and aesthetic.Externally,it is promoted by Chinese traditional culture and the retro trend of thought in every generation.Use allusions is not only suitable to ancient poetry creation,but is of important role in modern era.