The Research Of Zhang Mao

Zhang Mao was a famous Confucian scholar and writer in the Mid-Ming Dynasty in Jinhua County and was called "the four imperial expostulation" together with Zhu angchang,Luolun,Huang Zhongzhao.Previous research on Zhang Mao mainly focused on Neo Confucianism.But mostly it only took the matter on its merits and was Only from the perspective of analysis,While ignoring the internal cause of the influence of the external environment on the ideological transformation.Therefore,the essence of his Neo Confucianism was not fully digged out.This paper will do an overall research on him based on the reference books to explore the process of his ideological evolution.And on the basis above,this paper will have a deep analysis of Zhang's thoughts and literature in hop of exploring all his life and his ideological essence and summarizing the historical contribution and value of him from all the three perspectives of lite rature,history and philosophy.The first chapter mainly introduces the origin and lineage of Zhang Mao in two a spects of Neo Confucianism,the filial piety for the family and family traditions to dis cuss the internal cause of his thoughts.Whats more his family members are also menti oned in the paper.The second chapter mainly discusses his life experience and the psychological change during his official career.His life experience can be divided into three stages.Stage one:the beginning of his official career after his success in Imperial Examination in his early year;Stage two:giving lectures at home after his resignation in his middle age;Stage three:Late official career,namely being an official again after retirement in his old age.The thread of his academic achievements runs through all his three life stages.The third chapter mainly focuses on Zhang Mao's Neo Confucianism.Zhang Mao lived an the era of transition period for academic thought when the rise of Chen Xia nzhang's philosophy of the mind posed a challenge to neo-Confucianism of Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi.However,clinging to the theory of Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi,Zhang Mao hop ed to correct the bureaucratic malpractices by "learn" and emphasize hard work.In ad dition,his criticism of Chen Xianzhang is an important research point of this chapter for the two following two reasons.The first is that considering the representation and di fference of the two and in the way of comparison of Zhang Mao's thought,his charact eristics will totally stand out.Furthermore,through the comparison,we can find out the intrinsic factors of social psychology and neo-Confucianism shift at that time,a nd will have a more objective and rational understanding of Zhang Mao's great influe nce and contribution to Neo Confucianism.The fourth chapter mainly discusses Zhang's ancient concept of classical literature.The same as the traditional Neo Confucianism,Zhang Mao adhere to the priciple of "zongjingmingdao,wenbenliujing”.But his articles were not difficult to understand because of simple language and moral atmosphere of the ethical content,making the readers moved and easily learn his characteristics from his words.Set in the back grou nd information of Zhang's Neo Confucianism and life experience,this paper will make an analysis of his concept of classical literature from three aspects:Neo Confucianism,morality and practical thought.The fifth chapter mainly discusses Zhang Mao's Poetics which inherits Zhu Xi thought on the whole.But due to the different age and experience,Zhang was a oppone nts of Zhu Xi's thought "Gentleness and Sincerity",and advocated to enlightenment,allegorical Poetics.Obviously this is because his devotion to the society and its people.In his experience as a senior editor called shujishi,his poetic theory was in conflict with the literary view of hanlinyuan,which eventually led to three years of "lantern lig hts incident”.From the perspective of the development of literature,Zhang Mao's poe tics played a vital role in boosting the imperial literature.The appendix book "The Chronicle Of Zhang Mao" which is based on the book"The Chronicle Of Zhang Wenyi”recorded detailed information about his life exper ience and travels.Besides,this chronicle corrected some mistakes in the chronicle of Ruan and tried to restore the historical truth.