Analysis On Influence Factors Of Adolescent Sense Of Hope

School education environment is an important factor in developing adolescent character strengths and positive qualities.From the perspective of positive psychology,educators hold a positive youth development view on adolescents` character strengths and virtues,which would be an important concept for school education in 21 st century.In the school environment,teachers` behaviors and psychological traits have a positive effect on students.It is worthy of attention that adolescents` sense of hope as an important positive character is effected by class environment.First of all,this study aims to develop an effective measurement tool for evaluating adolescents` sense of hope,and to examine its reliability and validity.This research is based on literature review.There are 27 items in this scale including five subscales,aim,meaning sense,positive emotion,willpower and achieved strategy.There are 54 classes selected from each grade of each school from three junior high schools and two high schools.While,based on “class”—“student” of embedded sets data structures,we had established multi-level factor model,and tested multi-level model factor structure of adolescents` sense of hope in the student-level and class-level.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the adolescents` sense of hope scale has good reliability,construct validity and contains five dimensions,namely,the target building,meaning,positive emotions,volition and implementation strategy,besides,the five dimensions and self-efficacy are positively correlated.Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis showed that multidimensional multilevel factor model of adolescents` sense of hope in student-level and class-level have the same factor structural feature,the theoretical model of adolescents` sense of hope with cross-level consistency.Secondly,based on the “teachers” — “classes” — “students” of multilevel data structure,we had explored whether adolescents` sense of hope be effected by class-teacher.This study used multilevel structural equation model,exploring the relationship between class-teacher`s trait hope and life satisfaction,class atmosphereand adolescents` sense of hope,and furthermore,verifying the mediation process of class atmosphere.By means of stratified sampling,this research sampled 5 schools from different districts and the participants are 2,067 students and 54 class-teachers.Instruments included adolescents` sense of hope scale,general self-efficacy scale,school climate scale and class-teacher`s trait hope and life satisfaction scale.Multilevel structural equation model analysis shows that class-teacher`s trait hope and life satisfaction have no direct influence on adolescents` sense of hope,whereas class atmosphere has a positive effect on adolescents` sense of hope.Multilevel mediation model shows that whether class-teacher`s trait hope has positive effect on adolescents` sense of hope depends on the mediating role of class atmosphere,however,class-teacher`s life satisfaction has negative effect on adolescents` sense of hope through the class atmosphere.This study reveals the relationship between class-teacher`s psychology and behavior and student`s positive traits.It is an important mediator for class-teacher`s psychology to affect adolescents` sense of hope.Findings from this study suggested that strengthening teacher`s teaching abilities and creating a class of healthy and positive atmosphere is an important indicator for cultivating adolescents` sense of hope.