The Study Of “ke(?)” In Jinan Dialect

The study trys to describe the unique particle “ke(?)” of Jinan dialect which roots in “he(?)”,a mood particle in Yuan dynasty.The particle can be used both in the middle and at the end of the scentences.From the novels in history and the dialect incestigation,the study finds that when “ke” used in the middle of a scentence,“time” is the basic meaning.The partical can be a temporal word or a hypothesis-marker,from which the oncession-marker stems.The study describes a usage that has never been describe of “ke”,used as a topic marker.The study suggests that it evolvs from the usage of temporal word because of the principle of the economics of language.By the investigation to Jinan dialect and corpus analysis,the study finds that the most significant step of the emergence of mood particle“ke” is “hypothesis” and products a new usage that used in negative sentences through sentence combination,contradicting the claim that the mood particle “ke” has different source.