Study Of Adverbs In Tu Hua Zhi Nan

Tu Hua Zhi Nan is a textbook of Songjiang dialect and it was published by Shanghai TuShan Wan CiMuTang in 1908.It owns three chapters:YingDuiXuZ,GuanShangTuShu and ShiLingTongHua,and is written as dialogues.Songjiang dialect represents the image of Shanghai dialect 100 years ago.The essay studys adverbs in Tu Hua Zhi Nan which are diveded into six categories including scope adverb,time adverb,degree adverb,manner adverb,modal adverb,and negative adverb.And we give explanation for each category's definition and classification.We also make quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis like semantic,grammar,pragmatics etc.Through description and analysis,we find that adverbs in Tu Hua Zhi Nan own many features:diversification,free combination etc.We also explore the origin and evolution of some peculiar Songjiang dialect adverbs.Through analyzing their usage and meaning,we find these adverbs were formed through different ways:solidification by phrases,grammaticalization,synonymous paralleling etc.Inner reasons of words 's forming were different:change of syntactic position,enlargement of modifier,subjectivization,success of competing with synonymous adverbs etc.Besides,formation time of these adverbs are different:a small number are originated from the pre-Qin period,most are originated from ZaJu of the Yuan dynasty or fictions of the Ming and Qing dynasty.The essay shows the whole image of Songjiang dialect adverbs at the time of Tu Hua Zhi Nan and reveals the difference of Shanghai dialect in modern time and 100 years before.We accumulate material and evidence for Shanghai dialect's diachronic study,which means a lot to the Shanghai dialect and history of Chinese grammar.