| Changing of administrative regions in Henan area from Qin to Han dynasty are closely linked with the political events occurred in this period. There is a mutual influence between the location factors and political events.This article is mainly discussing the 400-years'political geography in Henan is discussed in Henan from 249 BC (Qin ZhuangxiangWang(????)set Sanchuan Prefecture(???)),to 196AD, (the first year of Jianan(????)in Emperor Xian of Han(???))On the basis of the previous studies about history of Qin and Han dynasty, this article uses literature analysis method to study the administrative district's changes of Henan area in the political process, and then discusses the interaction between location factors and the political process.Studies on the administrative district's changes of Henan area in the period of Qin and Han is a fundamental and important part of the article. In the order of time, this article concerns the administrative changes of its counties and boundary in a dynamic vision as much as possible. Due to the limited literature materials, only 17 affiliated counties of Sanchuan Prefecture is clearly documented, such as Shan Country(??),Yiyang(??).However,the belonging time of another 7 counties, such as Yangwu(??),Xincheng(??),needs further discussing. According to to the document, Suanzao(??)belongs to East Prefecture(??)?according to the excavated document, Liang Country(??) belongs to Yingchuan Prefecture(???)?according to the east boundary of Sanchuan Prefecture, Qi County(??)belongs to Dang Prefecture(??).When Xiang Yu subinfeudated 18 fedual princes, he divided Shen Yang in Henan. Because of his short reign, the real control range is limited. At the beginning of Liu Bang's setting Henan Prefecture, Henan boundary's change is related to the power fluctuation of Chu and Han, and its final boundaries is around the Honggou. From the fifth year of Emperor Gao(202BC), when Liu Bang proclaim himself to the first year of Yuanshou(122BC) in Emperor Wu, Liang State took Gaoyang and Henan as its border. The article synthesizes the educational circles' interpretation about countries of Henan in Zhangjiashan Bamboo Slips of Han dynasty(???????),and discriminates the disputed four kinds of conunties. At the last, the article draw a conclusion. The 21 countries belong to Henan, such as Shan Country(??),Lushi(??),Xinan(??), Xincheng(??),Yiyang(??),Huangxiang(??),Qifeng(??),Zhongmou(??)and so on. while Yuanling(??)and Mi Country(??1belong to Yingchuan(??).The period of Emperor Wu is the biggest change in the administrative district's change of Henan area. Chenliu and Xiaohuang were transferred to Chenliu Prefecture in the first year of Yuanshou.They were transferred to Hongnong in the third year of Yuanding, such as Shan Country, Mianchi, Xinan, Lushi, Yiyang, that located in between new and old Hangu Pass(???).At the same time, Henan added three country, they are Mi Country, Xinzheng and Yuanling. The Countries of Henan province were fundamentally the same as the HanShu recorded, only Suanzao County(???)is transferred to Chenliu(??) in period of Emperor Cheng.During the Xin dynasty(9-23 AD), Henan County experienced. Name Change, County Increase, Narrowing the eastern border and rising status. The counties in Western Han dynasty was restored during the Regime Reform of Henan Country. When Luoyang becomes the capital of Eastern Han dynasty. Henan was renamed Henan Yin(???),inheriting the County scope recorded in the Hejaz, and divided Luhun Country(???)to Henan by the late.There is a closed relationship between the administrative district's changes and the political process. The Sanchuan County is closely related to Qin's eastward advance and the war to unify the six kingdoms. During the Chu-Han Contention (206-202BC), LiuBang's power fluctuation in Chenggao(??)and Xingyang(??)affected the eastern boundary of the Henan Prefecture. At the end of Western Han Dynasty, the struggle between central government and local feudal princes as well as the process of reinforcing the centralization plays an important role in the administrative district's changes of Henan.Especially the "Expanding the Pass" Events during the reign of Emperor Wu is the biggest change in the administrative district's changes of Henan Prefecture. During the Xin dynasty(9-23AD)Wang Mang's political system reforms, especially Name change and building of the East Capital had caused the administrative district's changes of Henan area. During the Eastern Han dynasty(25-220AD), Emperor of Guangwu established Luoyang as capital and reduced hundreds of counties.Location factors of Henan area from Qin to Han dynasty interacts with its political process. Analyzing its location advantages and disadvantages can better understand the relationship between the two. There are Xiao mountain(??),Xionger mountain(???),Waifang mountain(???),Funiu mountain(???)and Song mountains(??)in Henan. These mountains is not only the natural boundary with neighboring counties but a barrier. Yellow River, Yi River and Luo River are the main rivers in the region. These rivers not only provides water sources but is important traffic line. There are also fertile soil and abundant resources.And as its location in "exact center", it has convenient transportation and economic development. The importance of Hangu Pass(???)also adds its location advantage. However, land scarcity and inadequate defense due to objective geographical conditions constitutes the two disadvantages of Henan.The mutual influence of political process and locational factors mainly be manifested in two aspects:On one hand, location conditions of Henan area makes its became the west barrier to defend Guanzhong(??),the frontier positions to control Guandong(??)and the best alternative for capital suburbs. On the other hand, political process also has effect on location factors. Hangu Pass's east moving ordered by Emperor Wu of Han(???)has weakened Henan's location advantage while the construction of Luoyang capital in the Eastern Han period(??)has increased its location advantage. Besides, the setting of eight pass commandant has improved its insufficient defense. Location factor's change of its surrounding areas, especially change in Guanzhong(??),Hongnong(??1and Henei(??),have indirectly increase or decrease Henan's location advantages.One of the study objects in political geography is to concern about the impact of the political process on the administrative district's changes. And the profound reasons behind this is the interactions between the political process and the location factors and the mutual influence and mutual restraint ultimately promote the development of local political system in ancient China. |
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