Within Zen Buddhism In The Song Dynasty Political Studies

In ancient China, the abdiction is not the main form of succession to the throne and even not the unique political phenomenon in the Song Dynasty. However, it is the principal form in a particular period. In fact, the demise is not a simple historical phenomenon but a special kind of politics, which has operation mechanism of its own. Converting the phenomenon of demise into demise politics can help us to understand this particular phenomenon. There are four typical period of demise politics:the Spring and Autumn period, the Wei Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty and the Song dynasty. As far as I am concerned, the Song dynasty, in terms of demise politics, is the most developed dynasty. The reason is that some components, such as special political culture, the environment of system and decorum, political functioning and etc, interact with each other. In Northern Song Dynasty, "advocate literary administration and subdue military administration" is being the basic principle, at the meanwhile, the gentry classes is growing up, and typical gentry classes politics begins to take shape. As a characteristic political phenomenon in the Song Dynasty, the occurrence of abdication is closely related to the unique political culture of Song Dynasty. Specifically, the abdication theory accepted by the gentry classes of the Song Dynasty and the "Imperial Ancestor's Instructions" have an effect on the occurrence of abdication. The institutional change also affects political functioning. Take the Donggong political system for example. The Song Dynasty inherits the trend of unsubstantial Donggong political system, finding out the balance between imperial power and crown Prince's power, which can ensure the occurance of demise politics. Owning to the functioning of imperial power accords with etiquette, the etiquette of demise takes place accompany with demise politics, which protects the functioning of demise politics. As for demise politics itself, the occurance comes from external and internal condition of empire and depends on chess Game of political powers. In the eyes of the transition of main powers, it reflects the transition from the empress administering the country to prime ministers controlling the country and only do we broaden our horizon can we make a correct appraisal of the power transition. Demise politics is closely related to imperial power of the Song Dynasty and we can observe it from a different perspective. In view of the overall situation, imperial power of the Song Dynasty tends to enlarging, however, the development of this power is uncertain in the 10-13 centry. Due to a lack of tradition of constitutional government, the imperial power not only tends to symbols, but also continues to move to absolute autocratic powers, even this autocratic thoughts still exist under various forms in modern times, which deeply affect the modernization process of China.