Study On Pharmacognosy Of Gastrodia Elata Seed

Gastrodia elata Blumeis a traditional Chinese medicine,was originally written in the "Shen Nong's Materia Medica",followed by the ancient Materia Medica also have detailed records,and has been included in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia." The traditional medicinal parts of G.elata Blume is dry Rhizoma,and there is no research of G.elata seed both at home and abroad.In order to clarify the pharmacognosy characteristics ofG.elata seed,this paper had studied the authenticity evaluation,efficacy evaluation and safety evaluation of G.elata seed.The authenticity evaluation includes macroscopical identification,microscopical identification and chemical composition of G.elata seed,the efficacy evaluation of G.elata seed includes sedative and hypnotic effects,anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia and antidepressant effects,and the safety evaluation was an acute toxicity study of G.elata seed.First of all,the summary part mainly introduces the medicinal history,chemical composition,pharmacological activity and clinical application of Rhizoma Gastrodiae and its aerial parts of G.elata by reviewing the literature.In the aspect of authenticity evaluation,the macroscopical and macriscopical characteristics of G.elata seed was described by visual observation and microscopic observation.The G.elata seed as a whole brown,very small and very light quality.Using the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope to observe the G.elata seed was spindle-shaped,about 600-800 ?m long,wide 200 ?m,made up of seed coat and embryo,the seed coat is very thin and easy to break,was white translucent,and the seed coat is made up of several irregular near-rectangular parenchyma cells,the G.elata seed protruding part of a yellow brown embryo,the embryo is slightly pointed oval.About the chemical composition,the G.elata seed was extracted firstly,and then the crude extract was analyzed by GC-MS and physicochemical,preliminary understanding of G.elata seed contained in the basic chemical composition.The petroleum ether extractof G.elata seedwas analyzed by GC-MS and 25 compounds were identified,including alcohols,aldehydes,esters,alkane and fatty acid,and the ethyl acetate extract of G.elata seed was analyzed by GC-MS and 16 compounds were identified,including alcohol,ester,alkanes and alkenes,and both extracts containing squalene.The results of physicochemical examination showed that the G.elata seed could contain flavonoids,anthraquinones,alkaloids,proteins,amino acids,tannins,phenols,polysaccharides and organic acids.In the aspect of efficacy evaluation,the pharmacological activity of G.elata seed was studied,including sedative hypnotic,anti-fatigue,anti-hypoxia and antidepressant activities:(1)In the study of sedative and hypnotic activities of G.elata seed on mice,determining the number of autonomous activities of mice and observe the induce dormancy of the mice with subliminal and suprathreshold dose of sodium pentobarbital adding the herbs to evaluate the sedative and hypnotic effect of G.elata seed.The results showed that the G.elata seed could reduce the number of autonomous activities of mice,and the high dose group cloud reduce the number of mice standing significantly(P<0.05).However,collaborative pentobarbital sodium in mice sleep affects not seen obvious effect(P>0.05),indicating that G.elata seed may have sedative effect,but no effect on sleep.(2)In the study of anti-fatigue activities of G.elata seed on mice,the exhaustive swimming time and the contents of BLA,BUN,LDH and hepatic glycogen of mice were determined by weight loading swimming experiment.The results showed that the G.elata seed could prolong the exhaustive swimming time obviously(P<0.01),reduce the concentration of serum BLA and BUN markedly(P<0.05),obviously increase LDH activity and the contents of hepatic glycogen(P<0.01);And study of anti-hypoxia experiment,the survival time of hypoxia tolerance in mice and the contents of SOD and MDA,sodium nitrite poisoning survival time and acute cerebral hypoxia survival time were measured.The results showed that the G.elata seed could prolong the survival time of hypoxia tolerance,sodium nitrite poisoning and acute cerebral hypoxia survival time markedly(P<0.05),reduce the content of MDA and increase the activity of SOD significantly(P<0.05).Indicating that the G.elata seed has anti-fatigue and anti-hypoxia function.(3)In the study of anti-depressant activities of G.elata seed on mice,using the forced swimming test and tail suspension test in mice,record the immobility time of swimming and tail suspension in 4min.And after tail suspension test24 h,determination of mouse serum CRH,ACTH and CORTcontents.The results showed that,each administration group forced swimming immobility time and tail suspension and immobility time were significantly reduced(P<0.05).And compared with model group,G.elata seed can reduce the mouse serum CRH,ACTH and CORT content,and the high dose group was significantly(P<0.05),and the level of serum hormone in the G.elata seed high dose group was similar to that in the fluoxetine group.Indicating that G.elata seed has antidepressant effects,its mechanism might be associated with regulating HPA axis hormone levels.In the aspect of safety evaluation,using the classical methods of acute toxicity test study on the acute toxicity of G.elata seed.The LD50 value of G.elata seed could not be measured in the preliminary experiments.In the formal test,continuous administration with maximum concentr-ation for 14 days,the mice were in good condition,body hair,food intake,water intake and stool status were not significantly changed,and kill the mice,the naked eye to observe the organs are not abnormal.In this paper,the pharmacognosy characteristics of G.elata seedwere studied for the first time,which provided scientific basis for the future development and utilization of G.elata seed.