| ObjectiveTo investigate the change characteristics of early hemodynamic and arterial blood gas index after build the Japanese big ear white rabbit firearms-frozen and frozen-firearms compound injury model,in order to provide some experimental basis for the established of early treatment scheme after compound injury.MethodsThirty Japanese big ear white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: A firearms-frozen compound injury group(n=6),B freeze-firearms compound injury group(n=6),C firearms group(n=6),D frostbite group(n=6),E control group(n=6).The animals in group A were shot by professionals with QBZ-95 in its stocks of the hind legs(avoid large blood vessels,nerves and other important parts).The average shooting distance was 2 meters.The wounds would be bandaging and hemostasis with sterile dressings after shooting immediately.Then put the injured rabbits into frostbite device 90 minutes to make it achieve ? degrees of frostbite.The animals in group B were the same with group A in shooting and experiments after frozen 120 minutes to achieve ? degrees of frostbite.The animals in group C were the same with group A in shooting and experiments but only gunshot wound.The animals in group D were the same with group B but only frostbite.The animals in group E were unhurt.Foundation treatment measures were intravenous infusion of normal saline solution(100±20ml).The pressure measuring tube was placed in carotid artery after each model was constructed(75±5)minutes to measure the potential of hydrogen(pH),partial pressure of oxygen(Pa O2),partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),actual bicarbonate(AB),standard bicarbonate(SB),oxyhemoglobin saturation(SaO2%),base excess(BE)and oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2).In the same time,the heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)of each group's rabbits were continually measured in the 70 minutes after building the model.Analysis the changes of the above indicators,type of acid-base balance disorders and compensatory nature.The changes and change trend of the above indicators during the whole monitoring process and each time point will be also analyzed simultaneously.Results(i)Animals injury in each groupThere were no animal died in the monitoring time after each model was constructed and by the foundation treatments in group A,B,C and D.Ballistic all throughout the hind leg muscles after gunshot,and exports and entrance showed the rules of the circle,the diameter was 1cm in group A,B and C.The animals after frozen were whole body trembling;double leg part of the skin was pale and blue,touch of cold and achieved ? degrees of frostbite in A,B and D group.(ii)Hemodynamic changesAnalysis of whole process of monitoring: A significant difference was observed in HR,SBP,DBP and MAP in each group after compound injury.Compared with each group,the hemodynamic turbulence degree in A group was the most serious.B group was more serious than C,D and E group but less than A group.C and D group was more than E group but less than A and B group.Analysis of the change trend of monitoring: In group A,the HR were keep elevating and reach the maximum in the point of 30 min,then falling and keep relatively stable.When at the time point of 20 min,the SBP,DBP and MAP were greatly raises then wide-range fluctuating after 50 min.In group B,the HR were slight increase and keep stable at the beginning and has a slight decrease after 50 min,while the SBP,DBP and MAP keep relatively stable.The HR,SBP,DBP and MAP were basically stable,and HR has a slight decrease after 60 min in group C.In group D,HR keep relatively stable in the early 40 min and have a slight fluctuation after it,whereas the SBP was on the contrary.Meanwhile,the DBP and MAP were basically remained stable.The monitoring indicators in group E were stable.Analysis of each monitoring time point: In group A,a significant difference in HR(except 20min),SBP(except 30 min and 70min),DBP and MAP compared with E group.A significant difference in HR(except 50min),SBP and DBP(except 10 min and 20min)and MAP(except 10min)compared with B group.A significant difference in HR(except 10min),SBP,DBP(except 20min)and MAP(except 10min)compared with C group.A significant difference in HR(except 20 min and 60min),SBP(except 10 min and 20min)and DBP(except 30 min,40min,50 min and 70min)and MAP(except 70min)compared with D group.In group B,a significant difference in HR(except 50min),SBP,DBP and MAP compared with E group.A significant difference in HR(except 70min),SBP(except 30 min,40min and 70min),DBP(except 20 min and 30min)and MAP(except 10min)compared with C group.A significant difference in HR,SBP,DBP and MAP compared with D group.In group C,a significant difference in HR(except 50min),SBP(except 10 min,30min,50 min and 60min),DBP and MAP(except 40min)compared with D group.Analysis of shock situation in each monitoring time point: The earliest animal in group A,B,C and D showed the shock was 3min,6min,15 min and 22 min.In group A,a significant difference in 20 min,30min and 70 min,but the number of shock was even more compared with E group.A significant difference in 70 min,but the number of shock was even more(except 70min)compared with B group.A significant difference in 70 min,but the number of shock was even more compared with C group.A significant difference in 70 min,but the number of shock was even more compared with D group.In group B,there was no significant difference during each monitoring time point,but the number of shock was even more in the first 60 mins compared with E group.There was no significant difference during each monitoring time point,but the number of shock was even more(except 50 min and 70min)compared with C and D group.In group C,there is no significant difference during each monitoring time point,but the number of shock was even more in 30 min,40min and 70 min compared with D group.No animals in group E exhibited shock.(iii)Arterial blood gas index changesEvery experimental animal in each groups were survived in the early stage after injury.Frozen by the scheduled time,the frostbite degree in A,B and D groups were ? degrees.Analysis of arterial blood gas index: Compared with E,in group A,there was a significant difference in pH,PaCO2,AB,SB,SaO2% and BE,meanwhile the PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 showed downward trend.In group B,there was a significant difference in AB,SB,SaO2% and BE,the other indicators showed downward trend except PaCO2.In group C,there was a significant difference in AB,SB and SaO2%,other indicators in the same as the B group.In group D,there was a significant difference in SaO2%,the other indicators showed downward trend except PaCO2.However,the arterial blood gas index in A,B,C and D group have no significant difference.Analysis of acid-base balance disorder type: The experimental animals in group A performed for metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis.In group B,there was half animals performed for metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis and the others manifest as metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis.There were 5 animals performed for metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis and only one manifest as metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis.In group D,there were 4 animals performed for metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis and the others manifest as metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis.No acid-base balance disorder performed in group E.Analysis of compensatory nature: All of animals performed for decompensated acid-base balance disorders in group A.There ware half animals performed for decompensated acid-base balance disorders and the others manifest as compensatory acid-base balance disorders in group B.In group C,only one animal was manifest as decompensated acid-base balance disorders.At the same time,the decompensated acid-base balance disorders' number is 2 in group D.No acid-base balance disorders performed in group E.Conclusions(i)Each experimental animals were successfully reaching ? degrees of frostbite and satisfied the degree of overall composite injury caused by the body damage under the condition in the wild when put the Japanese big ear rabbit whole into self-made frostbite device.(ii)In the early of rabbit suffer the firearms-frozen compound injury,especially within 60 minutes,the hemodynamic disorder and shock degree was seriously and earliest appeared to shock.But it was lighter and later compared with firearms-frozen compound injury in frozen-firearms compound injury.(iii)In the early of rabbit suffer the firearms-frozen compound injury,the arterial blood gas index disorder degree was seriously and mainly performed of the decompensated metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis.Nevertheless,it was similar but lighter compared with firearms-frozen compound injury in the frozen-firearms compound injury. |
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