| Objective: Based on the statistical analysis on the detection data of occupational hazards in Gansu Province from 2007 to 2015,this paper aims to reveal the distribution situation and varying pattern of major occupational hazards in industrial enterprises in Gansu Province and to explore the influencing factors for over-limit ratio of occupational hazards in order to provide the basis for the government and relevant departments to conduct scientific decision-making in the occupational disease prevention and control and to guide enterprises to control and eliminate occupational hazards and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases.Methods: The detection data of occupational hazards of 9391 detecting points in 107 times in Gansu Province from 2007 to 2015 were collected,occupational hazards covered physical factors(noise,electromagnetic radiation,soldering solitary light,etc.)chemical factors(dust,stimulating gas,organic materials,and other chemical harmful factors,etc.).By using Excel 2010 and SPSS 22.0,a descriptive statistical analysis was performed to analyze some indicators such as over-standard rates of detecting points,over-standard rates of occupational hazards including dust,noise,electromagnetic radiation,organic materials,stimulating gas and other chemical harmful factors,etc.the ordinal Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors for the causes of over-standard occupational hazards.Results:1.A total of 107 test agreements of occupational hazards were carried out by Gansu Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Gansu from 2007 to 2015,of which the most check was 73 times which distributed in Lanzhou,accounted for 68.2%;as for the enterprise type,one-man companies was the most(30 times,28.0%)and shareholding limited companies was the least(6 enterprise times,5.6%);In 2012,test agreements took the most rank(22 times,20.6%);For risk severity,enterprises with severe hazard risks underwent the most check times(50 times,46.7%);As for the type of industry,the thermal powers undergone the most check(16 times,14.8%);Under the agreement type,routine surveillance accounted for the most(66 times,61.7%).2.From 2007 to 2015,a total of 9391 check points in workplaces of industrial enterprises were checked,of which 1902 check points were over national standards,over-standard rates of detecting points was 20.3%.The highest over-standard rate happened in 2008(30.1%),and mainly distributed in August(32.6%)and November(32.4%);Among regions,the highest over-standard rate occurred in Tianshui(50.7%);As for the distribution of over-standard check points in different industry,the pharmaceutical industry showed the highest over-standard rate(61.3%);At the risk level,the enterprises with serious and common hazard risks had the same over-standard rates,The highest over-standard rates were 23.5% and 23.5%,respectively;As for the type of check agreement,the over-standard rate was the highest in supervision surveillance(38.5%);for the economic type of companies,the over-standard rate was the highest in state-owned enterprises(28.0%);In check items,the over-standard rate of dust was 23.1%,the over-standard rates of soldering solitary light was 39.4% and noise,32.3%)which two items were at high level among physical hazards,and the over-standard rate of metal hazards was the highest(27.1%)among chemical hazards.3.From 2007 to 2015,a total of 1918 check points underwent determination of dust,of which 443 check points were found over national standards,the over-standard rate was 23.1%.As for the type of industry,the highest over-standard rate happened in the black metal smelting industry(43.8%),followed by in the food manufacturing industry(42.9%)and the furniture manufacturing industry(40.0%);the highest over-standard rate happened in 2007(33.2%);At the risk level,the highest over-standard rate was in enterprises with serious hazard risks(24.4%);For the economic type of companies,the highest over-standard rate was in private enterprises(36.4%)4.From 2007 to 2015 period,a total of 821 check points underwent determination of electromagnetic radiation,of which 8 check points were found over national standards,the over-standard rate was 1.0%.As for the type of industry,the highest over-standard rate was in the thermal power industry(5.1%);at the risk level,the highest over-standard rate was in enterprises with serious hazard risks(3.8%);The highest over-standard rate happened in 2007(9.1%)and decreased on a yearly basis;For the economic type of companies,the highest over-standard rate was in joint ventures(7.8%).5.From 2007 to 2015 period,a total of 3899 check points received determination of noise,of which 1259 check points were found over national standards,the over-standard rate was 32.3%.As for the type of industry,the highest over-standard rate was in the automobile manufacturing industry(91.7%);at the risk level,the highest over-standard rate was in enterprises with common hazard risks(37.3%);The highest over-standard rate happened in 2008(55.8%);for the economic type of companies,the highest over-standard rate was in state-owned enterprises(43.9%).6.From 2007 to 2015 period,a total of 378 check points underwent determination of organic hazards,of which 42 check points were found over national standards,the over-standard rate was 11.1%.As for the type of industry,the highest over-standard rate was in the automobile manufacturing industry(18.3%);at the risk level,the highest over-standard rate was in enterprises with serious hazard risks(11.8%);the highest over-standard rate happened in 2015(25.0%);for the economic type of companies,the highest over-standard rate was in joint ventures(17.9%).7.From 2007 to 2015 period,a total of 970 check points underwent determination of irritating gases,of which 29 check points were found over national standards,the over-standard rate was 3.0%.As for the type of industry,the highest over-standard rate was in the food manufacturing industry(17.2%);at the risk level,the highest over-standard rate was in enterprises with common hazard risks(16.3%);the highest over-standard rate happened in 2014(33.3%);for the economic type of companies,the highest over-standard rate was in one-man companies(9.7%).8.From 2007 to 2015 period,a total of 987 check points underwent determination of other chemical hazards,of which 38 check points were found over national standards,the over-standard rate was 3.9%.As for the type of industry,the highest over-standard rate was in the black metal smelting industry(15.4%);at the risk level,the highest over-standard rate was in enterprises with serious hazard risks(6.4%);the highest over-standard rate happened in 2015(16.7%);for the economic type of companies,the highest over-standard rate was in state-owned enterprises(30.0%).9.Over-standard rates of 107 times detection from 2007 to 2015 were calculated respectively and ranked based on quartiles,the over-standard rates were graded into four levels(0%-,2.5%-,15.5%-and 29.8%-).?2 tests showed that there were significant difference in the indicator of over-standard rate among enterprises with different industries and different levels of hazard risks.10.Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that hazard risk level,the type of industry and economic classification were influencing factors for over-standard rates of occupational hazards.Conclusion: The total over-standard rate of occupational hazards in workplaces of industrial enterprises in Gansu Province is 20.3%;Over-standard rates of occupational hazards in the black metal smelting industry,the automobile manufacturing,the food manufacturing and the thermal power industry are at higher level;dust,noise,soldering solitary light and metal hazards are the main occupational disease hazard factors.Hazard risk level,industry and economic type are influencing factors for over-standard rates of occupational hazards in industry system of Gansu.Suggestions: To propel occupational health education and intervention measures;actively carry out occupational health education and promotion;intensify supervision and fully carry out occupational hazard evaluation and analysis in construction projects;further complete regulations and rules on prevention and treatment of occupational diseases;upgrade technical specifications and standard service levels in standard service institutions;Against key populations,enhance supervision over key industries and enterprises. |
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