Alcohol Consumption And Risk Of Periodontitis: A Meta Analysis

Aim: At present a number of epidemiologic analyses have been conducted to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis.However,the results are inconsistent.So a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively summarize the evidence from observational studies on alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis.Meanwhile,the possible dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis was also evaluated.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in Pub Med,Web of Science and Embase databases to identify eligible studies on alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis published in English.The articles would be reviewed carefully to find the most comprehensive studies according to the literature search strategy and inclusion criteria.Data from the eligible studies would be extracted to perform the Meta-analysis.Pooled relative risks(RRs)with 95% confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated by random-effects models and the restricted cubic splines were used to assess the dose–response relationship.Between-study heterogeneity was explored by Q test and would be quantitatively evaluated by I2.The sensitive analysis was performed to assess the key studies that have substantial influence on the between-study heterogeneity.Publication bias was assessed with the funnel plot and Egger's test.Results: Seventeen published studies including 18 observational studies with a total of 90147 participants were eligible for our meta-analysis including population from Europe,Asia,and America.There were 14 cross-sectional studies and 4 cohort studies among these 18 studies.The dose-response analysis was conducted with the data from six studies which met the criteria.Alcohol consumption was associated with periodontitis.What's more,alcohol consumption was a risk factor of periodontitis.The pooled RR of periodontitis for the highest with the lowest alcohol consumption was 1.59(95%CI: 1.37–1.85).Significant associations were also found when males(RR=1.25,95%CI: 1.11-1.41)and females(RR=2.15,95%CI:1.36-3.41)were analyzed separately.In subgroup analyses by study design,the results of cohort study subgroups(RR=1.28,95%CI:1.04-1.57)and cross-sectional study subgroups(RR=1.66,95%CI:1.39-1.99) were consistent with general result;significant associations were also found in stratified analysis by continents [ Asia: RR=1.45(95%CI:1.15-1.82),Europe: RR=1.76(95%CI:1.13-2.74),and America: RR=1.76(95%CI:1.34-2.32)];In subgroup analyses by adjusted for/ not-adjusted for BMI,the results for both groups were statistically significant associations,and the RRs were(1.57,95%CI: 1.29-1.90)and(1.62,95%CI: 1.37-1.92).A linear dose–response relationship was found between alcohol consumption and periodontitis risk,and the risk of periodontitis increased by 0.4% [95% CI(1.002–1.007)(P for nonlinearity=0.88)] for each 1 g/day increment in alcohol consumption.No publication bias was found in the funnel plot and Egger's test.Conclusion: Alcohol consumption was a risk factor for periodontitis,and a linear dose–response relationship existed between alcohol consumption and risk of periodontitis.