A Study On The Relationship Between The Leadership Style Of Head Nurses And Nurses' Psychological Capital

Objective:To investigate the status quo including both head nurses' multiple leadership style and psychological capital of nurses in the third-grade class-A hospital,to analyze the difference of demographic variables between nurses' transformational leadership style and psychological capital,to explore the relationship between the leadership style of head nurses and nurses' psychological capital,then to find out an effective leadership style that can promote psychological capital of nurses,in addition to provide some reasonable suggestions for reducing the job burnout of nurses,stabilizing the nursing team,improving quality and efficiency of management,an promoting the comprehensive,stable and sustainable development of the hospital.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study.A total of 389 clinical nurses from 2comprehensive hospitals in Nanchang were collected from June 2016 to December2016 in a convenient sampling method.The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire was used to measure leadership style of head nurses as perceived by nurse,Chinese Journal of Psychology Questionnaire was used to measure the level of psychological capital of nurses and the personal information questionnaire.Results:1.The total average score of head nurse' transformational leadership style(TF)was(2.90± 0.64)points,the scores from high to low is as follows:vision motivation was(3.16±0.66)points,intellectual stimulation was(2.96±0.70)points,charismatic personality was(2.96±0.70)points,individual consideration was(2.68±0.77)points.The total average score of head nurse'transactional leadership(TA)was(2.34±0.58)points,and the average score of dimensins from high to low were active management by exception was(3.07±0.67)points,contingent reward was(2.93±0.71)points,passive management by exception was(1.02±1.13)points.There were significant differences in perceived transformational leadership style among nurses with different gender,department,age,employment,job and family support(P<0.05).2.The total average score of nurse' psychological capital was(3.38±0.67)points,the scores from high to low is as follows:optimism was(3.44±0.99)points,self efficacy was(3.41±0.72)points,tenacity was(3.37±0.72)points,hope was(3.32±0.75)points;There were significant differences in the scores of nurses' psychological capital between different departments,age,first degree and family support(P<0.05).3.The psychological capital of nurses was positively correlated with head nurses' transformational leadership style(r=0.500,P<0.01)and transactional leadership style(r=0.4231,P<0.01).The dimensions of transformational leadership style of nurses perceived by nurses were positively correlated with each dimension of psychological capital(r=0.294~0.440,P<0.01);The dimensions of the transactional leadership style of head nurses were positively correlated with each dimension of psychological capital(r=0.113~0.451,P<0.05,P<0.01).4.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that vision motivation,intellectual stimulation,individual consideration,contingent reward and demographic data in the family support,the first degree can explain 29.7% of the variation in total score of psychological capital.Conclusions:1.The score of transformational leadership style(TF)was higher than transactional leadership(TA)of head nurses as perceived by nurses in the third-grade class-A hospital.The average score of vision motivation was the highest,and the passive management by exception was lowest.2.The nurses' psychological capital and its dimensions are in low level.In the four dimensions,the scores of the two dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy are relatively high,and the score is the lowest.3.The influencing factors of nurses' perception of transformational leadership style of nurses in general hospitals were gender,department,age,nature of employment,position and family support.4.The influencing factors of nurses' psychological capital were: department,age,first degree and family support.5.Bothn the transformational leadership style and transactional leadership stylewere positively correlated with psychological capital of nurses in comprehensive hospital,but the transformational leadership style played a more active role for the psychological capital.The vision motivation,intellectual stimulation,individualized care and contingent reward are the important factors that influence the psychological capital of nurses.6.In the process of head nurses' management,they should be more inclined to use transformational leadership style in the flexible use of multiple leadership styles,including showing her unique leadership charm,describing the bright vision of development,encouraging nurses to innovate,focusing on nurses 'growth and development,providing personalized career planning guidance,meeting the reasonable needs of nurses,appropriating incentives and rewards,and then mobilize nurses' motivation and enthusiasm for the work and promote mental health to improve nurses' psychological capital,improve management efficiency,and promote the long-term development of nursing and hospital.