| Objective To understand the differences and factors affecting in the social living ability of preschool children with different rearing patterns;To find a rearing patterns to enhance children's social living ability and promote the development of preschool children's physical and mental health.Methods A total of 201 children in four kindergartens in two districts of Nanyang,Henan are selected from November 2015 to March 2016.According to the principle of voluntary participation,the self-compiled questionnaire is used to obtain the rearing patterns.Infant-Junior High School Students' Social Living Ability Scale by Zuo Qihua el al from Peking University Health Science Center and Shanghai-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children revised is used to test the social living ability and Intelligence Quotient(IQ)of the children in order to compare the differences in the social living ability and the IQ of the children with different rearing patterns.Results 1.Social living ability of preschool children with different rearing patterns 57 preschool children are raised by parents and grandparents(28.3%),and the standard scores of their social living ability are 10.59±0.24,followed by children raised by parents(26.4%)with the standard scores of 10.49±0.19,and the social living ability of preschool children with this kind of upbringing is second to joint parenting.55 preschool children are raised by grandparents(27.3%)and their standard scores of social living ability are 10.18±0.81;19 preschool children(9.4%)are raised by a single parent with the standard scores of 9.82±0.21;17 preschool children(8.5%)are brought up in other ways with the standard scores of 9.53±0.12(Including raised by a nanny alone;raised in the nursery education center;or brought up by others,etc.),and the social living ability of preschool children with these two methods of rearing is relatively poor.There is a significant difference in the social living ability of preschool children with different rearing styles,the difference is statistically significant,that is,the social living ability of preschool children raised by parents and grandparents is the strongest,and the social living ability with other rearing patterns is the worst.2.An analysis of the scores of social living ability of preschool children with different rearing patterns Self management The self-management scores of preschool children with a single parent are the highest,7.76±2.95;followed by children raised by parents of 7.59±3.66,other ways are 7.0±2.37,the children raised by parents and grandparents are 6.12±3.10,the scores of the preschool children raised by grandparents is the worst,5.12±1.93.Thus,self-management scores of preschool children raised by grandparents are the lowest,and the difference was statistically significant;Collective activities: Scores of preschool children raised by parents and grandparents are the highest,11.47±2.26;followed by children raised by parents,10.24 ± 3.68;children raised by grandparents are 10.0±4.82,other ways are9.94±3.33,children raised by a single parent is the worst,8.71±3.33.Therefore,scores of collective activities of preschool children raised by grandparents are the highest and children raised by a single parent are the lowest,P <0.05);Social communication: Scores of preschool children raised by grandparents are the highest,13.06 ± 4.75;followed by children raised by parents and grandparents12.35±3.77;children raised by parents are 11.35±4.26,other ways are 9.35±3.61,children raised by a single parent is the worst,8.88±3.67.So,the difference of the social communication scores of different rearing styles is statistically significant.Scores of children raised by grandparents and raised by parents & grandparents are the highest,but no significant difference,P=0.12.Scores of preschool children with a single parent are the lowest;Homework: Scores of preschool children raised by parents and grandparents are 13.12±3.97;children raised by parents are 15.06±3.58,children raised by grandparents are 9.82±3.49,children raised by a single parent are 9.0±2.45,and other ways are 8.59±4.15.Hence,there is a significant difference in the homework ability of the preschool children with different rearing patterns; Sports: Sports scores of preschool children raised by parents are 12.65±5.37,other rearing patterns are 12±5.55,children raised by grandparents are 11.35±5.82,children raised by a single parent are 11.24±4.21,children raised by parents and grandparents are 13.71±2.87.Therefore,the difference of sports ability of preschool children with different rearing patterns is statistically significant.Motor ability of preschool children raised by parents and grandparents is the strongest;Independent living: The independent living ability of preschool children with different rearing patterns is different.The scores of children raised by parents are the highest 24.76±3.95;followed by children raised by parents and grandparents,24.59±2.76;children raised by a single parent are 20.59±3.89,other ways are 18.88±3.35,children raised by grandparents are 18.94±3.63.Therefore,there is a statistically significant difference in the independent living ability of preschool children with different rearing patterns(P <0.05);3.An analysis of preschool children's IQ with different rearing patterns The overall IQ of children of different rearing styles is as follows: The scores of preschool children raised by parents and grandparents are 106.52±4.09,children raised by parents are 106.44±4.11,children raised by grandparents are 105.67±4.82,other rearing styles are 104.06±4.67,and children raised by a single parent are 101.3±2.01.So,preschool children raised by a single parent have the lowest IQ and the difference is statistically significant.Performance Intelligence Quotient(PIQ): There is a statistically significant difference in PIQ between different rearing patterns.PIQ scores of preschool children raised by parents are106.64±4.27,children raised by parents and grandparents are105.63±4.30,other rearing styles are 103.41±5.21;and children who were raised by a single parent and raised by grandparents are lower,namely,103.26±2.23 and 101.7±4.17.Verbal Intelligence Quotient(VIQ): The difference in verbal IQ between different rearing patterns is statistically significant.The verbal IQ scores of the children raised by a single parent are the lowest,99.11±3.23;children raised by grandparents are the highest,108.51±5.32;followed by children raised by parents and grandparents,106.32±4.64;children raised by parents are 105.25±5.01,and other ways are 104.65±4.99.There is no statistical significance in the differences in the verbal IQ of these types.4.Correlation between the total IQ and social living ability of preschool children There is a positive correlation between the total IQ and social living ability of preschool children,and the correlation coefficient is 0.208.Conclusions 1.Social living ability of preschool children raised by their parents and grandparents is stronger,and the children's social living ability of the other rearing patterns is the worst.The scores of each item of the social living ability of different rearing styles are different.2.There is a difference in IQ among preschool children with different rearing patterns.Preschool children raised by a single parent have lower IQ,and children raised by parents have higher IQ.There is a difference between verbal IQ and the PIQ of different rearing styles... |
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