| Objective: To explore the relationship among home environment，motor developmentduring infant and toddler period, intelligence and Developmental Coordination Disorder(DCD) in preschool children, and to help early screening and intervention of DCD.Methods: According to the principle of informed consent, eight kindergardens inSuzhou City were recruited in the investigation. DCD was diagnosed with DSM-IVdiagnosis standard. Children’s general condition and home environment was assessed withChildren’s Health Condition Questionnaire. Children’s motor capability was evaluatedwith Movement Assessment Battery for children (M-ABC). Children’s intelligencequotients were assessed with Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale.Results：①As housing area was concerned, the DCD incidence rate in children ofmiddle-area and small-area was significantly higher than that of large-area (X~2=20.93,12.86, P<0.01), while the DCD incidence rate in children of middle-area was alsosignificantly higher than that of large-area (X~2=8.21, P<0.01)，which indicates that housingarea contributed to DCD; As annual household income was concerned, the DCD incidencerate in children of low-income was significantly higher than that of middle-income andhigh-income (X~2=50.67,11.99, P<0.01), while the DCD incidence rate in children ofmiddle-income was still significantly higher than that of high-income (X~2=11.99，P<0.01),which indicated that annual household income contributed to DCD;As mothereducation level was concerned, the DCD incidence rate in children of primary-school wassignificantly higher than that of secondary-school and universities (X~2=152.94,16.63,P<0.01), while the DCD incidence rate in children of secondary-school was stillsignificantly higher than that of universities (X~2=16.63, P<0.01), which indicated thatmother education level contributed to DCD; As father education level was concerned, theDCD incidence rate in children of primary-school was significantly higher than that ofsecondary-school and universities (X~2=201.07,27.20, P<0.01), while the DCD incidence rate in children of secondary-school was still significantly higher than that of universities(X~2=27.20, P<0.01), which indicated that father education level contributed to DCD; theDCD incidence rate in children of different family-structure and parents-marital situationhad no significant difference (X~2=2.41,0.92, P>0.05);Logistic regression analysis showedthat DCD influencing factors were father educational level, mother education level,household income and family housing area, respectively.②In children with DCD, themean Kaup value was16.51±3.60, while in normal children it was16.22±2.04, statisticaltests showed no statistically significance (t=1.055, P=0.292), which indicated that physicalgrowth of children with DCD was with the normal range. In children with DCD, theage-month of able to sit independently (7.50±1.71) was significantly later than that innormal children (6.95±1.55),(t=3.288, P<0.01), the DCD incidence rate in children ofindependently-sit age later than8month, was significantly higher than that of6-7monthand7-8month (X~2=21.23,49.11, P<0.01); the age-month of able to crawl in children withDCD (8.95±2.33) was also significantly later than that in normal children (8.25±1.83),(t=3.306, P <0.01), the DCD incidence rate in children of independently-crawl age later than9month, was significantly higher than that of7-8month and8-9month (X~2=6.502,9.915,P <0.01); and the age of able to walk independently in children with DCD (13.13±2.13)was significantly later than that in normal children (12.63±1.62),(t=2.671, P<0.01), theDCD incidence rate in children of independently-walk age later than15month, wassignificantly higher than that of12-13month and13-15month (X~2=15.11,30.17, P<0.01);but the age of able to eat independently had no statistically significance between thechildren with DCD (18.96±7.54) and normal children (18.96±7.54),(t=0.033,P=0.974);Logistic regression analysis showed that DCD influencing factors wereindependently crawl, sit, and walk, respectively.③Total IQ score of children with DCD(94.34±6.37) was significantly lower than that of the normal children (101.51±5.03),(t=4.44, P<0.01); while the DCD children’s performance IQ score (88.449±9.48) was alsosignificantly lower than normal children’s (103.58±7.69),(t=7.32, P<0.01), but DCDchildren’s verbal IQ score had no significant difference between the DCD children(100.78±5.53) and normal children (99.19±5.22),(t=1.88, P>0.05); IQ imbalance ratio ofDCD children was significantly higher than that of normal children (X~2=9.465, P <0.01).Conclusion：①Home environment, especially parents’ education is the most important influencing factor of DCD, the higher education level their parents are of, thefewer children will develop as DCD; Housing area and annual income are also influencingfactors of DCD, the larger the housing area and the higher the annual income is, the fewerchildren will develop as DCD.②The delay of early childhood motor development is therisk factor of DCD. The age-month of able to independently sit, crawl, and walk in DCDchildren are all later than that in the normal children; the age-month of able toindependently sit later than8month, climb later than9months, walk later than15monthsare risk factors of DCD.③IQ, especially the performance IQ and the IQ imbalance ratio,are the crucial feature of DCD. |
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