| Cold drinks are popular with customers in summer for its unique taste,sweet flavor and the application for making people feel cool.Water,milk and dairy products are main raw materials in cold drinks and its production procedure is based on freeze including production,transportation and retailing,so cold drinks will directly influence people's health.However,one common feature of cold drinks is the short expiration date.And packaging,transportation,reposition and other processes may also increase the chances and reproduction speed of microorganisms in cold drinks.In this paper the cold drinks which sale in cold drinks markets were checked randomly in Changchun city and microbial contamination was kept statistics on these samples.There were 281 samples from July,2015 to September,2015,including proteic cold drinks,cold drinks with beans,cold drinks with starch or fruits and edible ice cube.The total bacterial counts,the respective bacterial quantities of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were researched on these samples.In some samples the total bacteria and the total number of Escherichia coli are higher than the national standard,but Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were not detected in these cold drinks samples.PCR technology was used to analyze the virulence genes of Escherichia coli strain s.The virulence genes agg R,ELT,EAE,ipa H,STX and est were not detected in the p ositive E.coli strains,all E.coli strains are non-pathogenic.Due to the determination of serum type,the O125:H5,O1:H2 and O125:H18 except non serotype were identified as the predominant serotypes of Escherichia coli in this study,which is of great signifi cance for the risk assessment of E.coli.These samples were classified by categories,different sampling areas and circulation links,and the differences in microbial contamination of these cold drinks were analyzed.It showed that edible ice cube with excessive Escherichia coli were up to 11.9% which was higher than other samples(3.5%).According to the sampling areas,the qulification rate of samples from Erdao District was only 63.7%,and the qualification rate of samples from other districts were close to 80% or more,among which the qualification rate of samples from Nanguan District reached 96.7%.With different manufacturers,there were significant differences in cold drinks.It indicated that the qualification rate of the domestic large-scale cold drinks manufacturers maintained at 90%;the qualification rate of the local large-scale manufacturers was from 63% to 76%;the local small manufacturers only got 57.14% of the qualification rate.The differences of qualification rates among cold drinks in circulation links were as follows: the qualification rate in production base > the qualification rate in transportation > the qualification rate in retailing.In addition,the higher parts of microbial detection rate in these three factors are unrelated with the drink categories.The problems are summarized which found in statistical process,it indicated that production chains,transportation links and management system were three main factors which lead excessive levels of microorganism in cold drinks.According to these three issues,and combined with relevant references,this paper discussed on the production process of cold drinks and its quality management system,transportation and sales methods,regulation management system,and product recalling and disposition on expired products and puts forward relevant solutions for pathogenic microorganism in cold drinks so as to guarantee safe and wholesome cold drinks. |
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