Study On The Relationship Between The Intake Of Food And Residents' BMI & Blood Pressure In Huangshan Area

Objective To investigate the local residents' diet,the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension in Huangshan area,and the contribution of dietary intake to Dietary Reference Intakes(RNI/AI),and explore the relationship between dietary intake and BMI & blood pressure.Then,we can provide suggestions for improving the dietary structure and health conditions,and preventing the chronic non communicable diseases related to nutrition of local residents.Method The study was started in Oct 2014.200 families which have been living in Huangshan area for more than 10 years were selected through convenience sampling in this study.We investigated the dietary intake during three consecutive days including a weekend day by using Weighting method,then converted it to average daily dietary intake per person according to standard daily intake.One family member aged over 40 years old was selected for questionnaire survey,including demographic data,history of disease,and measurement of height,weight,blood pressure,waist circumference,etc.The survey data was entered into the database established by Epidata3.1 software.Then,Excel Server 2010 nutrient analysis software was used to calculate nutrient daily intake and SPSS17.0 statistical software was used for statistical processing and analysis.During the statistical analysis,mean and median represented the average value;the sample rate(composition ratio)were compared by Pearson chi square test,Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test;Wilcoxon symbol rank sum test and unconditional dichotomy logistic regression analysis were applied in correlation analysis.Results1.Compared with the 2016 edition of the China balanced diet pagoda,the ratio of dietary intake of meat,oil and salt was 155.3 ~ 291.3%,147.7 ~ 177.2%,146.7%respectively,which was a little bit high;the ratio of beans & nuts(>147.6%)and cereals(86.1~137.8%)was reasonable,and the ratio of tubers(20.0~60.0%)was below the standard;the contribution rate of fish and shrimp(67.9 ~ 127.3%),eggs(40.6 ~ 50.8%),vegetables(49.0 ~ 81.7%)was not enough,fruits(11.9% ~ 20.8%),dairy products(2.5%)was far below the standard.The standard daily intake of cereals and tubers for each resident were 344.4g and 30.0g,lower than the national average.The standard daily intakes of vegetables(245.1 g)and fruits(41.5 g)were lower than the national average too.The standard daily intake of animal food for each resident was 177.6 g,higher than the national average(132.0 g).The standard daily intake of dairy products was only 7.6 g,far lower than the national average.The standard daily intake of bean or bean-products was 36.9 g which was 2.31 times as much as the national average(16.0 g).The standard daily intakes of oil and salt were 44.3 g and 8.8 g respectively.The dietary intake of urban residents was less than the rural residents except fruits.The male residents,dietary intakes of cereals,meat,oil and salt were more than the female residents,,other dietary intakes were lower.2.According to the "Chinese dietary reference intake of dietary nutrients(DRIs Chinese)" which was released by Chinese Nutrition Society(revised in 2013),the dietary energy,protein and fat intake were higher than the recommended amount;the carbohydrate intake was reasonable,whose ratio was 99.3%;vitamin and calcium intake was seriously insufficient,however,phosphorus,sodium and iron intake were slightly higher than the appropriate amount of standard among the residents in Huangshan area.The standard daily energy,protein and fat intake of each residents was 2337.3Kcal,69.9g and 78.1g,higher than the national average level.The standard daily intake of phosphorus and iron for each residents was slightly higher than the national average level.The intake of Ca,Na and other vitamins was slightly lower than the national average level.Vitamin B1 intake reached the national average level,other vitamins intake was lower than the national average level.The energy intake of the rural residents was higher than that of urban residents In addition to vitamin B2 intake(0.7mg)of rural residents,which was equal to the urban residents.The other major nutrient intake of the rural residents were higher than that of urban residents.The standard daily energy,protein and Ca intakes of male residents were higher than the female residents.The intake of vitamin B1,vitamin B2,energy ratio of fat and energy ratio of carbohydrate were close,other intake of male residents were lower,3.Protein,fat and carbohydrate for energy ratio was 12%,30% and 57.9%,the ratio o f fat was more than the standard.The energy ratio of fat among the urban residents(30.4%)was higher than that among rural residents(29.8%).the intake of high quality protein(animal protein and soy protein)accounted for about 39.9% of total protein intake;the fat contribution from vegetable food and animal food was 55.3% and 44.7%;the fat contribution from vegetable food in rural residents(57.1%)was higher than that of urban residents(53.5%).4.According to BMI index in the survey,the weight of 63.5% residents were normal,while 8.0% residents were thinner referring to standards,23.5% residents were overweight,5% residents were obesity.There was no significant difference in the BMI between the residents from different area and sex.With the increase of age,the proportion of low body weight was increasing.The proportion of overweight among residents aged 50 ~ 60 and 60 ~ 70 were significant higher than the other age group,the overweight / obesity population is mainly distributed in these two age group.There was significant difference in BMI between residents of different ages(P<0.05).Logisticregression analysis showed that the daily cereals intake,tubers intake,salt intake,energy ratio of protein,fat and carbohydrate were risk factors for overweight / obesity,which were statistically significant;other factors were not statistically significant.5.The prevalence rate of hypertension was 33%,which was no regional difference;the prevalence rate of male and female was 37.7%,and 24.3%,there was no significant difference(P > 0.05);the prevalence rate increased with age(c2=12.684,P=0.005).Logistic regression analysis showed that tubers intake,eggs intake,Ca intake might be risk for hypertension.Adjusted by demographic factors such as age and sex,Logistic regression analysis showed that tubers intake,eggs intake,salt intake,vitamin B1 intake,energy ratio of protein,fat and carbohydrate had statistical significance.Conclusion The dietary structure of residents in Huangshan area is not reasonable.The intake of meat,oil and salt were slightly high,while the fruits,vegetables and dairy products intake were seriously inadequate.Cereals intake,tubers intake and salt intake,energy intake ratio of protein,fat and carbohydrate may be the risk factors of overweight / obesity.Oil intake,energy intake ratio of fat may be risk factors for abdominal obesity.Lackof tubers,egg intake,vitamin B1 intake,salt intake,energy intake ratio of fat and carbohydrate may increase the risk of developing hypertension..