Effects Of Smoking On Cytokines,Symptoms And Cognitive Functions In First Episode Schizophrenic Patients

Objective:We assessed the serum inflammatory factors and cognitive function in smokers with schizophrenia. And discussed the effect of smoking on the level of inflammatory factors, clinical symptoms and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. On the basis of which, I made a further study on the relationship between smoking and the symptoms of patients with schizophrenia and their cognitive impairment. This paper expands and extends the research content of schizophrenia. I hope this research can provide the theoretical basis and data support for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia patients with smoking, And provide a theoretical field of vision for the follow-up study of schizophrenia. Methods:According to the diagnostic criteria for the Fifth Edition(DSM-5) we choose thirty-five schizophrenic patients with smoking and thirty-five non somking schizophrenic patients. At the baseline and the end of the eighth week,we should take venous blood from the elbow of two groups of patients in the morning. Determination of serum cytokine with IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-?. And assess the severity of symptoms in each patient with the positive and negative symptom scale, and the clinical global impression scale. According to the scores of the nicotine dependence scale, I accessed the nicotine dependence of the smoking group patients. And the differences of cognitive function between the smoking group and non smoking group were compared. The evaluation of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia mainly depends on a complete set of cognitive function tests. Meantime, I analysis of the data with the SPSS software. The count data use cases(percentage) and comparison between groups using chi square test ?2.The measurement data is in accord with the normal distribution, we use representation with a plus or minus standard deviation. And independent sample t test and paired t test were used to compare between groups. When measurement data does not conform to the normal distribution. Method of rank-sum test among groups.Result:1.There is no obvious difference between the two groups in clinical characteristics, including age, gender, education, course of disease. The general information has good comparability.2. Compared with the baseline, the two groups which had been treated for eight weeks have a certain degree of decline on IL-1? and IL-6 levels.The decrease of TNF-? has no difference(P<0.05).At the end, we find that the inflammatory factors levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF- alpha between the study group and the control group were significantly different(P<0.05).3. There was no significant difference in PANSS and CGI scores between the two groups at baseline. After 8 weeks of treatment, The smoking group have more obvious decline in the PANSS total score, negative symptom score and general pathological points. CGI score also has a more obvious decline(P<0.05).4. Through the survey of the cognitive function of the patients, we found that the function of information processing speed, continuous attention and vigilance was higher in the smoking group than that of non smoking group. The difference of cognitive function in the aspects of immediate memory, visual span and speech function is not obvious.5.Smoking didn't cause or increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Instead, it led to a reduction in the side effects of akathisia. Conclusion:1. Smoking could change the level of inflammatory cytokines in patients with schizophrenia, the smokers' inflammatory cytokines are higher than those of non smokers.2. Smoking has a certain improvement effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia patients.3. The injure of cognitive functions in smoking schizophrenia patients may be less than the smokers of non smoking schizophrenia patients.4. There were fewer akathisia of smoking in schizophrenia patients.