The Winter Environment And Human Health Risk Assessment Of The Point Type High-Rise Residential Buildings In Chongqing

At present, with the increasing of indoor pollution and the awareness of environmental protection, the problems of the indoor environment and the harm to human health have aroused people's concern. Due to special topography, most of dwellings belong to the point type high rise residential. In order to understand winter environmental impact factors, indoor air quality and human health risk level of Chongqing point type high rise residential in winter, this paper carried on home tests in randomly selected 50 point type high rise residential. Based on the tests, Writer analysed the factors that influenced the concentration of pollutants, evaluated the indoor air quality by the comprehensive index method, and studied the exposure and the health risk of residents in different function rooms by micro environment method that combined with the questionnaire survey of households. then author puts forward the measures to improve residential environment and human health.In the 2014 winter, with the way using questionnaire and objective test, we measured the 50 point type high-rise residential, Through the analysis of the objective measurement data and the questionnaire, the paper found that the light environment and the sound environment of Chongqing point residential buildings were poor, the room noise rate and the failure rate of illumination were higher; Thermal environment was poor, people generally felt cold; the carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, TVOC and other pollutants was no significant difference in different function rooms, and the concentration is not high, no excessive phenomenon. Using correlation analysis and One-Way ANOVA, it was found that formaldehyde, toluene concentration and decoration time were significantly correlated, and concentration of formaldehyde and toluene decreased with the extension of the decoration time; The types of wallpaper and floor materials had significant influence on the TVOC concentration in the room; Outdoor traffic pollution and industrial pollution would have a significant impact on the concentration of indoor PM2.5 and benzene; The use of pesticides and cosmetics had a significant impact on the concentration of TVOC and toluene in the room.Indoor air quality assessment was conducted by using the method of objective index, the results showed that the indoor air quality was excellent in Chongqing area, the air quality of most room is in class I, and only a few rooms are in class II, TVOC has the greatest impact on the indoor air quality among pollution factors, followed by formaldehyde and benzene. The exposure assessment and health risk assessment of the household were conducted in the form of a micro-environment combined with the questionnaire, The results found that residents spent the most time in the bedroom, about half of residential residence time, Followed by the living room occupied about 25% of residence time, spent least time in kitchen, accounting for less than 10% of residential residence time. Total formaldehyde exposure of adult male and female is relatively high in Chongqing, the exposure in the bedroom is maximum, accounting for about 60% of the total exposure, followed by the living room. The average daily exposure of benzene is relatively low, the exposure is mainly concentrated in the bedroom and the living room, accounting for about 80% of the total exposure. The hazard index of benzene, toluene and xylene is much less than 1 in point type high-rise residential of Chongqing, so noncarcinogenic risk is low, but the cancer risk is high, the benzene and formaldehyde cancer risk of adult residents have exceeded the United States EPA safety limits of 10-6 in point type high-rise residential of Chongqing. Benzene carcinogenic risk is between 10-4 and 10-6, the degree of risk can be accepted, but the carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde has been more than 10-4, which is a significant cancer risk. On the basis of the previous research, author puts forward the corresponding improvement measures in the aspects of decoration time, decoration materials, personnel habits and ventilation in sixth chapter.