Analysis Of General Self-efficacy Of Urban And Rural Elderly Based On Structural Equation Model In Hebei Areas

Objective To explore the main factors among the elderly in general self-efficacy and analyze the impactive path of each factor to provide a scientific basis for improving the general self-efficacy and health behaviors of elderly.Methods Totally 6173 elderly people aged 60 years and above selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method were recruited in Tangshan City, Shijiazhuang City and Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province.They were investigated with general selfefficacy Scale, Social Support Scale, Family Functioning Scale, ADL questionnaire and other factors(including age, sex, marital status, education level, economic conditions and other health care). We established an excel database by Excel data application software and did statistical analysis by SPSS17.0 statistical software. Analysis of variance or independent sample t test was used for univariate analysis of measurement data and multiple linear regression analysis used multivariate analysis of the variables.The independent variables were what were statistically significant in the univariate analysis and the dependent variable was general self-efficacy scores. The structural equation models accepting the significant factors in multiple linear regression analysis were built,fitted, evaluated and corrected by AMOS21.0.Results 1 The general self-efficacy average score points of the elderly in Hebei was23.58±6.19, close to the boundary between the low scores and the middle level state.The general self-efficacy scores of urban elderly is better than the old people’s in rural areas, the general self-efficacy scores of the male is better than the female’s. 2 Univariate analysis of general self-efficacy of the elderly in Hebei: urban and rural, gender,education level, marital status, family satisfaction with care, community help, the community(township) hospitals and clinics satisfaction, activities of daily living, income and expenses level(non-subsidized part of the child relative), social support, sleep, family functioning, medicare type, with or without pension insurance, annual physical examination arrangements, and exchange of children, suffering from chronic disease, the overall health status were related to the general self-efficacy of the elderly, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). 3 Multivariate analysis of the general self-efficacy of the elderly in Hebei: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that factors that affect general self-efficacy as follows: 1) demographic factors: education level, marital status;2) social support factors: social support, the community help, the community medical satisfaction; 3) family support factors: family functioning, family satisfaction with care,exchange of information with their children; 4)economic health factors: income(nonsubsidized part of their children and relatives), pension insurance, annual examination arrangements, medicare type; 5) health factors: health status(SF-36), activities of daily living, with or without sleep disorders, with or without chronic disease, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). 4 structural equation modeling show that education level, marital status and family support systems impact on general self-efficacy of the elderly through direct and indirect path. Family support systems, social support systems,economies medical systems and health systems were not only mediating variables, but also that has a direct effect on general self-efficacy.Conclusion 1 The general self-efficacy scores of the elderly in Hebei province are at middle level state, and the general self-efficacy scores of urban elderly is better than the old people’s in rural areas, the general self-efficacy scores of the male is better than the female’s. 2 The higher level of education, have a spouse, the more satisfaction with the care from his family, more help from community, the more satisfaction with community hospital, accessibility of daily life ability and more higher social support level, without dyssomnia, better family function, with endowment insurance, regular physical examination, regular communication with children, without chronic disease, better health are beneficial to general self-efficacy of the elderly people.3 Demographic factors,social support, family support factors, economic medical factors and health factors affect general self-efficacy through direct or indirect path. We should focus on jointing social, family, the elderly and so on and formulating intervention measures to improve the general self-efficacy and health behavior of the elderly, promoting health endowment.