| Cooking oil fumes(COFs) is one of the major sources of indoor air pollution and one of the important risk factors for lung cancer as well. However, mechanisms of fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes-induced pulmonary toxicity are unclear. This study aimed to extract fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes by ultrasonic extraction and detect 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the extracted samples by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS), as well as to perform a preliminary evaluation of cellular toxicity of fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes in human lung epithelial A549 cells.Part One: Detection of PAHs in fine particulate matter from cooking oil fumes Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine particulate matter from COFs using an ultrasonic assisted extraction and GC-MS method.Methods: Oil fumes were collected by quartz fiber paper during the period of cooking foods at lunch time in a small Chinese restaurant. We extracted the fine particulate matter from COFs by the method of ultrasonic extraction, and detected 16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in it by GC-MS.Results: Sixteen kinds of PAHs in COFs samples collected from the restaurant were detected. The mass concentrations of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and benzo[g,h,i]pyrene were 64.49ng/m3, 31.11ng/m3, 4.43ng/m3, 35.71ng/m3, 413.43ng/m3, 2.01ng/m3,215.59ng/m3, 207.74ng/m3, 72.08ng/m3, 153.54ng/m3, 12.03ng/m3, 34.14ng/m3, 60.07ng/m3, 127.27ng/m3, 117.64ng/m3 and 57.63ng/m3, respectively. The method detection limits of 16 kinds of PAHs were in the range of 0.03ng/m L-0.52ng/m L. The percentage recoveries of samples were 85.68%±16.45 and relative standard deviations were ?6.88%±5.95.Conclusions: Several kinds of PAHs were detected in the cooking oil fumes samples. Benzo[a]pyrene in the samples exceeded the limit value(1.0ng/m3) of the current indoor air quality standards(GB/T18883-2002) of China.Part Two: Effects of fine particulate matter from COFs on cell viability and proliferation of A549 cellsObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of fine particulate matter from COFs on cell viability and proliferation of A549 cells.Methods: A549 cells were treated with either fine particulate matter from COFs at the certain concentrations of 25.00?g/m L, 50.00?g/m L, 100.00?g/m L, 200.00?g/m L and 400.00?g/m L or dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO, final concentration <0.1%, as solvent control) for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Cell viability was measured by the 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The cel ular proliferation was measured by the flow cytometric assay.Results: No significant changes were found in cell viability and cell proliferation rate in al fine particulate matter from COFs-treated groups at 24h(all p>0.05). However, at 48 h, increased cell viability were found in the ?100.00?g/m L fine particulate matter from COFs-treated groups(all p<0.05), but increased cell proliferation rate was found only in the 400.00?g/m L fine particulate matter from COFs-treated group, compared with the corresponding controls(all p<0.05).Conclusions: Under the certain experimental conditions, fine particulate matter from COFs promoted the proliferation of A549 cells. |
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