Study On Psychological Resilience And Its Influencing Factors Of Nursing Students In Medical University

Resilience is the ability to cope with difficulties efficiently and maintain mental health while in the face of setbacks, stress or adversity. It refers to people making positive reactions to stressful events or troubles to get good development by using the various positive psychological resources they have. In other words, individuals in the face of adversity can still maintain good development and adaptability. Since the establishment of resilience in the 1970's, foreign psychologists have made numerous research achievements in this field. In recent years, the amount of domestic research on resilience of university students has increased. Some scholars pointed out that resilience is an important symbol of college students' mental health. Thus educators should pay more attention to the students'psychological resilience, and regard the training and improvement of psychological resilience as a critical dimension of college education. Compared with ordinary undergraduates, nursing students face more pressure and negative events due to the particular nature of the profession.College is a critical period of identity transition from nursing student to clinical nurse. Resilience as a significant psychological quality which can help nursing students under pressure or in stressful environments adapt to the unfavorable factors effectively. Therefore, it is meaningful for the prevention and intervention of nursing students'psychological problems to know the present situation and characteristics of their resilience and to explore the protective factors to increase the elasticity of individual psychological.Objective1. To evaluate the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale used on nursing students in medical school; in order to provide reliable measurement tools for related research in the future.2. To examine the psychological resilience and its influential factors on nursing students in medical school in order to collect data for the nursing students' psychological interventions and the promotion of higher psychological resilience levels.MethodsThe study consists of two parts. Part one:A total of 511 nursing students from one medical university were tested by Chinese version of CD-RISC, SCL-90(dimensions of somatization symptoms, Depression, and Anxiety) and GSES by random cluster sampling in August to September 2013. Reliability and validity analysis was conducted by SPSS19.0 and AMOS18.0 software. Part two:A total of 693 nursing students were investigated by using general questionnaire, Chinese version of CD-RISC, Professional Identity Questionnaires, TCSQ, EPQ and SSRS in October to December 2013. Analysis was conducted with the SPSS 19.0 software.Results1. The coefficient of the internal consistency ranged from 0.669 to 0.881 and the 2 week test-retest reliabilities ranged from0.611 to 0.650(P<0.01). The factor scores were closely correlated with the total scores with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.773 to 0.869(P<0.01), the factor scores were closely correlated with each other with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.606 to 0.671(P<0.01). The confirmatory factor analysis of the revised CD-RISC showed that ?2/df=3.270, GFI=0.864, AGFI=0.837, and RMSEA=0.067. Although the correlation coefficient between dimension optimistic and somatization symptoms was not significant, the other factor scores and the total score were negatively correlated in SCL-90(P< 0.05), and positively correlated with the general self-efficacy scale (P<0.05).2. The mean score for CD-RISC was(66.79±11.93), different grade level students had significant differences in psychological resilience(P<0.01), resilience scores of nursing students were different in regard to the aspects of professional knowledge, occupational expectations and interpersonal satisfaction (P<0.01).3. The aspect scores of the CD-RISC high score group were significantly higher than the low score group on aspect of professional identity, positive coping, social support and extraversion, and significantly lower on negative coping, neurotic and psychoticism(P<0.01).4. Resilience was positively correlated with professional identity, positive coping, social support and extraversion(P<0.01), and negatively correlated with negative coping, neuroticism and psychoticism(P<0.01).5. Grade, professional awareness, career expectations, interpersonal relationships, coping style, professional identity and personal traits can significantly predict resilience(P<0.01), the variables of positive coping, professional identity, extraversion and neuroticismentered in the model could explain 48.6%of the resilience variance. Positive coping could explain 38.2% of the variance of resilience alone; which means that it is the main predictor for resilience.ConclusionsThis analysis of the reliability and validity of Chinese version of CD-RISC showed that the scale is suitable to assess the resilience of nursing students.The average resilience score of the nursing students was low. The influential factors for resilience in nursing student were grade level, professional knowledge, occupational expectations, interpersonal satisfaction, coping style and personality traits. Nursing educators can implement mental intervention according to different period nursing students'psychological characteristics by cultivating emotional professionalism, guiding coping styles and shaping healthy personalities to promote the resilience and mental health of the nursing students.