| Objective To investigate the oral health status and problems, the incidence of bad breath and related risk factors in a college students. To serve for oral health care work and provide some reference data and basic information for the prevention work.Methods Based on the diagnostic criteria and method of WHO, a questionnaire survey was carried out about the oral health of 200 college students in Hefei City with multi stages and random sampling method. Oral health was assessed with oral hygiene index; Malodor was measured with both organoleptic measurements and BC(Breath Checker). Data was sorted out with EpiData3.1 and spss19.0 software. Oral health related attitude, understanding, behavior and malodor incidence were compared and analyzed.Results1. College students malodor detection The prevalence of halitosis of the 200 college students was 28.0% and 29.5% respectively in 2 degrees and above according to the organoleptic and BC score, the detection methods were highly correlated. The prevalence of halitosis of 108 male students was 36.1%, the prevalence of 92 female students was 21.7%, the prevalence of male students was higher than that of girls, the difference was significant (P<0.05).16 to 18 years old age group was 42.9%,19 years old age group was 23.3%,20 years old age group was 27.9%,21 years old age group was 21.1%,22 to 24 years old age group was 40.0%, the prevalence among all age groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).2. The basic oral status of students The teeth brushing time of 45.0% of students was less than 1 minutes,26.0% of students never brushed the dorsums of tongue,10.0% of students used hard bristle toothbrushes,18.5% of students used the same toothbrushes without changing for more than 6 months,21.0% of students brushed transversely or without direction,44.5% of students never used dental floss or toothpick,18.5% of students had residual crown, residual root or denture,50.0% of students were dissatisfied with their oral status,62.5% of students experienced oral inflammation,47.5% of students had sense of tooth loosing,61% of students had gum bleeding experience while biting or brushing, there was no significant difference between male and female students(P>0.05); 35.2% of males brushed teeth 1 times a day, while females 8.7%, the difference was significant (P<0.05).3. Students'dietary habits 41.7% of male students had snacks for 2 times and above daily, females 71.7%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).4. Students'understanding of malodor and medical behavior 81.5% of students felt themselves ever have malodor, when they had malodor:17.5%of students would not care,65.0% would chew gums,17.0% would use mouthwash, only one would choose to visit doctor. When they had malodor:38.5% of students would avoid talking with mouth largely open and 27.5% would avoid talking closely with others.38.5% of students thought that bad breath was caused by systemic diseases and other extra-oral reasons.35.0% of students had respiratory diseases and 20.5% of the students had digestive tract diseases,84.5% of students never had their teeth scaled,64.5% of students didn't know that the best way to remove plaque was effective brushing,32.5% of students didn't know what tongue coating was,52.0% of students noticed that they have tongue coating, there were no significant differences between male and female students (P>0.05).5. Students'oral healthcare and message acquirement, related understanding 27.5% of students didn't take oral diseases seriously,30.5% of students didn't get any oral health education in the past,10.0% of students thought that they needn't any oral health examination at all,77.0% of students got no oral health care measures,19.5% of students didn't care about oral health information,23.5% of students thought that oral health was dental health.6. Oral hygiene indexes of students Male students'tongue coating index was 83.4%, females 63.0%; Males'gingival index was 42.6%, females 23.9%; Males'calculas index was 62.0% and females 37.0%; Males'debris index was 58.3%, females 35.9%; differences were significant (P<0.05); Male students'caries rate was 29.6%,33.7% for females, there was no significant difference (P>0.05).7. Correlations7.1 Residual roots or crowns or denture, brushing teeth, bleeding gums at time of biting or brushing, feeling bad breath, showed significant correlations with detected halitosis by B C, the differences were significant (P<0.05).7.2 Pearson analysis of B C and OLT of the oral hygiene index were observed in male and female students, the results were highly consistent (P<0.05). Oral hygiene index (debris index, calculus index), gingival index, and tongue coating of male students were significantly correlated with halitosis (P<0.05); Gingival index of female students was significantly correlated with bad breath (P<0.05).7.3 Gingival index, calculus index, daily teeth-brushing times were listed as covariates, halitosis detected or not with BC as the dependent variable (no=0, yes=1), into the two logisitic regression model to explore the correlations between malodor occurrence and the oral hygiene index, oral status and health-care habits. The result showed:gum index, tongue coating index, gum bleeding at times of biting or brushing were closely correlated with halitosis (P< 0.05).Conclusion A considerable proportion of college students, more boys than girls, suffer from halitosis. Oral hygiene status, gingival inflammation, tongue coating are closely related with halitosis. |
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