| The trial was conducted in the wheat growing season from 2016 to 2017 and was carried out in Shijiawangzi Village,Xiaomeng Town,Yanzhou,Shandong Province.The wheat variety tested was Yannong 1212.Two soil fertility treatments,A soil fertility treatment and B soil fertility treatment were set up to study the effects of different soil fertility on wheat water consumption characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transportation,and nitrogen accumulation and translocation,and their physiological basis.The test results are as follows:1 Effects of different soil fertility on wheat water consumption characteristicsTotal irrigation volume,soil water consumption,water use efficiency of A treatment were significantly higher than B treatment,water consumption and daily water consumption of A treatment from sowing to jointing stage and anthesis to maturity stage were significantly higher than B treatment.The soil water consumption in the 60-100cm soil layers of the A treatments during the whole growth period was significantly higher than that of the B treatment.2 Effects of different soil fertility on flag leaves photosynthetic characteristics,and dry matter accumulation and translocationThe net photosynthetic rate of A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment at days 21,28,and 35 after anthesis.The transpiration rate was significantly higher than that of B treatment at 7 d,14 d,21 d,28 d and 35 d after anthesis.Stomatal conductance was significantly higher than that of B treatment at 14 d,21 d,28 d and 35 d after anthesis.The flag leaf water use efficiency of A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment at 28 d and 35 d after anthesis..The actual photochemical efficiency of the flag leaf of A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment at 21 d,28 d and 35 d after anthesis.At 28 and 35 days after anthesis,the maximum photochemical efficiency of the flag leaf treated by A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment.The electron transport rate of wheat flag leaf treated by A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment at 14 d,21 d,28 d and35 d after anthesis.At 28 d and 35 d after anthesis,the photochemical quenching coefficient of treatment A was significantly higher than that of B treatment.At 21 d,28 d and 35 d after anthesis,the relative content of chlorophyll in the flag leaf of A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment.At the booting stage,anthesis stage,21 d,28 d and 35 d after anthesis,the leaf area index of A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment.The Interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation in canopy at 0,7d,14d,21d,28d and 35d after anthesis of A treatment were significantly higher than those of treatment B,and the canopy PAR transmissivity was significantly lower than that of B treatment.Dry matter accumulation of A treatment at jointing stage,anthesis stage,12 days after anthesis,24 days after anthesis,and at maturity stage were significantly higher than B treatment.The distribution of dry matter in A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatments in grains,cobs+glumes,leaves,stem+leaf sheaths.The distribution of dry matter in grains and its contribution to grain of A treatment were significantly higher than those of B treatment.At 28 d and 35 d after anthesis,the grain filling rate of A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment.3 Effects of different soil fertility on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in plantsThe nitrogen accumulation amount at the greening,jointing,anthesis and maturing stages of treatment A was significantly higher than those of treatment B.The nitrogen accumulation in stem+leaf sheath,leaf,cob+husk,and grain of A treatment was significantly higher than that of B treatment.The amout of nitrogen accumulated at anthesis and maturity stages nitrogen accumulation amount of grain in maturaty stages of A treatment were significantly greater than that of B.treatment,The amount of nitrogen redistributed from vegetative organs of anthesis to grain of A treatment was significantly greater than that of B treatment.The content of NO3--N in the 0-120cm soil layer during the anthesis stage was significantly higher than that in the B-treatment.The soil nitrate-N content in the 40-100cm soil layer during maturing stages in A treatment was significantly lower than that in the B treatment.4 Effects of different soil fertility on flag leaf senescence and root activityAt 21 d,28 d and 35 d after anthesis,the superoxide dismutase activity and soluble protein content of the flag leaf was significantly higher than those of the B treatment.At 14 d,21 d,28 d and 35 d after anthesis,the of malondialdehyde in A treatment was significantly lower than that in B treatment.The root activity of A treatment at jointing stage,anthesis stage,12 days after anthesis and24 days after anthesis were significantly higher than those of the B treatment.5 Effects of different soil fertility on wheat yield and yield componentsThe spikes per hectare of wheat,grains per spike,and 1000-grain weight were the highest in A treatments.The grain yield,water use efficiency,and partial N productivity of wheat treated with A treatment were significantly higher than those treated with B.Under the conditions of this experiment,A treatment with high soil fertility is a process with high yield and high water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. |
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