| The conventional flat planting mode with wide margins （CK） was employed as control group in this paper, the influences of flat planting mode with narrow margins （C1）, film side drilling （C2） and ridge drilling （C3） on the soil moisture content and water distribution in the range of 0 cm to 300 cm layer, the air temperatures of 5 cm,20 cm and 50 cm away from earth, the soil temperature of 5 cm layer, total evapotranspiration of farmland planting area, the photosynthesis rate of winter wheat, the chlorophyll content of winter wheat lag leaf, the yield of winter wheat and the water use efficiency of winter wheat were investigated.The effects of different planting mode on water distribution in the range of 0-300 cm layer were ignorable, and the soil moisture content of 200 cm to 300 cm layer was higher than the soil moisture content of 0 cm to 200 cm layer. However, the difference of deep soil moisture content and shallow soil moisture content was significant under flat planting mode with wide margins, while the differences were less significant under the other three planting modes. This phenomenon may because the other planting modes were promoted the water in deep soil layer to move up, raise the utilization ratio of deep soil water of winter wheat. The water distribution in different growth periods showed stable variations, but the soil moisture contents of different periods varied significantly. The soil moisture contents in late growth periods were less than the early growth periods. The maximum water consumption was observed in jointing stage, was about 27.58%-37.56%ratio of total water consumption. The water consumptions among different planting mode showed great differences, maximum water consumption was observed in film side drilling, and decreased in the sequence of C2> C3> C1> CK.There were significant differences on the air temperatures of 5 cm,20 cm and 50 cm away from earth and the variation tendency among different planting modes. The air temperatures of 5 cm away from earth under film side drilling and ridge drilling were relative lower as 20.9 ℃ and 20.3 ℃ than the other two planting mode as 25 ℃, but the air temperatures of far away from earth were relative higher under this two planting mode as 24.1 ℃ and 24.2 ℃. The air temperatures decreased following the increasing of the distances away from earth, this is an opposite trend to flat planting mode with wide margins and flat planting mode with narrow margins. What’s more, the influences on the soil temperatures of the planting modes were investigated, and great differences were observed of the soil temperature. The soil temperature under film side drilling changed greatly between day and night, the maximum soil temperature value in the day as 18.8 ℃ were observed under film side drilling planting mode as well as the minimum soil temperature value in the night as 12.7 ℃. To the opposite, the changes of the soil temperature under ridge drilling between day and night were more gentle, and the the minimum soil temperature value in the day as 15.5 ℃ and the maximum soil temperature value in the night as 14.0 ℃ were observed under ridge drilling planting mode. The soil temperature values and change trends were similar between flat planting mode with wide margins and flat planting mode with narrow margins.The total evapotranspiration values of farmland planting area were also obviously different among these four planting modes. Relative lower total evapotranspiration values of farmland planting area were observed under film side drilling and ridge drilling, were 371.41 mm and 376.51 mm; the total evapotranspiration values of farmland planting area （394.50 mm） under flat planting mode with narrow margins was relative higher than the two previous planting modes, but, lower the flat planting mode with wide margins （409.85 mm）. The surface morphology of the earth and the margins among winter wheat were changed, winter wheat canopy light interception rate raised, therefore, the soil temperature and the evapotranspiration values decreased accordingly. Moreover, the effects of the changing on the surface morphology of the earth were more significant than the changing on the margins among winter wheat.The winter wheat canopy light interception rate were raised by the operations on the changes of the surface morphology of the earth as well as the margins among winter wheat, therefore, higher photosynthesis rate of winter wheat and higher chlorophyll content of winter wheat lag leaf were obtained under flat planting mode with narrow margins, film side drilling, as well as ridge drilling planting mode. The photosynthesis rate of winter wheat decreased in the sequence of C2 （23.5μmolCO2/m2·h）> C3 （23.4μmolCO2/m2·h）>C1 （22.5 μmolCO2/m2·h）> CK （20.1μmolCO2/m2·h）; the chlorophyll content of winter wheat lag leaf in heading stage decreased in the sequence of C2 （306.00）> C3 （305.00）> Cl （228.53）> CK （184.13）; the chlorophyll content of winter wheat lag leaf in filling stage decreased in the sequence of C2 （162.67）> C3 （154.07）> Cl （151.46）> CK （145.85）. Moreover, the chlorophyll contents of winter wheat lag leaf in heading stage were much higher than that in filling stage.The yields of the winter wheat under flat planting mode with narrow margins, film side drilling and ridge drilling planting mode were higher than that under flat planting mode with wide margins. The influences on the grain number and spike number were greatly, while ignorable on the grain weight. The yield of the winter wheat under film side drilling and ridge drilling planting mode were as high as 7680.35 kg/hm2 and 7527.58kg/hm2, the yield of the winter wheat under flat planting mode with narrow margins was 7444.90kg/hm2, and the yield of the winter wheat under flat planting mode with wide margins was 7233.84 kg/hm2.The water use efficiency of winter wheat was decided by the yield of the winter wheat and the total evapotranspiration values of farmland planting area. Higher water use efficiency values as 20.68 kg/hm2*mm and 20.00 kg/hm2·mm were obtained under film side drilling and ridge drilling planting mode; the water use efficiency value under flat planting mode with narrow margins was 18.87 kg/hm2·mm. The water use efficiency values obtained under these three planting modes were all higher than that under flat planting mode with wide margins （17.65 kg/hm2·mm）. |
