| Guizhou Karst area is one of the most fragile ecological environment and the most serious soil erosion in China and even all over the world.Various ecological environment factors,such as limited soil fertility and growing rocky desertification seriously restrict the regional development in terms of economy and society.Rosa sterilis S D Shi,as a characteristic species of Guizhou fruit trees,has many ecological advantages,such as drought resistance,desert tolerance,and shallow root.Furthermore,it has an economic value as medicine and food.As an important economic fruit tree that can promote the ecological conservation and economic development in karst rocky desertification,its application values in the field of ecology,medicine,food development have been gradually confirmed.In addition,its roles in ecological remediation,its economic value and its quality improvement have been a focus of studies,thus it has become a research hotspot in the recent years.Based on main production resources investigation of R.sterilis in Guizhou,its distribution,development and utilization were studied.In order to ensure the healthy and rapid development of R.sterilis industry,to guarantee and improve its quality is a top priority.For its different growing environment of main planting areas,the comprehensive assessment and health evaluation were conducted from the perspective of soil fertility and health.In terms of the fruit quality,its medicinal active ingredients and fruit quality were studied.For its active medicinal ingredients,the research mainly focused on key component and content of the flavonoids in R.sterilis fruit.By combining with soil environmental factors of the planting areas,the causes of the different contents of the flavonoids in R.sterilis were analyzed.10 key indicators were selected for fruit quality evaluation.The models of the fruit quality evaluation criterion for the R.sterilis on the different planting areas were established to evaluate the area suitability of R.sterilis.To protect and promote the development of R.sterilis industry,bagging cultivation technology experiment was conducted in a typical area,and the effects of the technology on the quality of R.sterilis was explored.The major progress made in the study is as follows:1.The current situation of R.sterilis resources in Guizhou province was studied.The R.sterilis plant resources were investigated basen on different towns in Guizhou province as the geographical unit.Additionally,we discussed the specific geographical distribution,resource reserves,yield per plant and the resource utilization of R.sterilis in karst region,Guizhou province.According to the investigation results,the cropping intensity and area advantage of R.sterilis shifted from origin Xingren County to Anshun which became the main production area;R.sterilis resources of Guizhou province presented the spatial differentiation of first progressive increase and then decrease from the north to the south.From the aspect of production and utilization,R.sterilis industry in Guizhou involves medicine,food,cosmetic,health care and other industries.Guaranteeing and improving the quality of R.sterilis has hence become the hotspot of current research.2.The soil fertility and health problems of the main planting areas of R.sterilis in Guizhou karst areas were studied.A total of 11 soil fertility indicators and 11 organochlorine components were selected as evaluation factors.The physical and chemical indicators of soil were used to establish the minimum data set(MDS)of soil evaluation,analyze and evaluate the current situation of the planting area soil.The results demonstrated that 6 indicators entered the MDS(total nitrogen,total phosphorus,soil bulk density,hydrolyzed nitrogen,pH and available phosphorus).The comprehensive evaluation results showed that there was some difference in soil quality of the different planting areas of R.sterilis;total phosphorus,total nitrogen and soil bulk density were the main limiting factors of the regional soil.11 organochlorine pesticide residues in the soil of main planting areas of R.sterilis in Guizhou were measured through gas chromatography(GC).Results showed that the major detected organochlorine components in the soil were hexachlorobenzene and HCHs,but their levels were lower than the minimum limit of farmland detection regulated by Soil Environment Quality Standard,Agricultural Soil Agricultural Soil Quality Standards in Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines and The Food and Drug Administration Standard.Therefore,these would not endanger the human body and plant health.3.The relationship between soil environmental factors and flavonoid compounds and the content of flavonoids in R.sterilis fruit was explored.Stable and accurate detection method of three flavonoids in R.sterilis was established with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Moreover,through the comparison with the standard,3 flavonoids in R.sterilis were determined,i.e.,rutin,quercetin,and kaempferol.Flavonoids in R.sterilis in different planting areas were detected through the method.By combining with the soil environmental factors,the dominant factors influencing the different contents of flavonoids in different planting areas were analyzed.Redundancy analysis(RDA)results showed that the soil organic matter(SOM)content was the most important factor limiting the content of flavonoids.4.The relationship between soil environmental factors and important parameters of fruit quality and the models of quality evaluation of R.sterilis fruit were established.With the R.sterilis fruit from 14 towns in Guizhou as the materials,the related 10 important parameters of fruit quality were measured and analyzed,e.g.fruit shape index,average single fruit weight,dry matter,edible rate,soluble solids,soluble protein,soluble sugar,titratable acid,solid acid ratio,and sugar acid ratio.Principal component analysis,stepwise regression analysis and cluster analysis method were adopted for the analysis and evaluation of the quality of R.sterilis in different planting areas.Based on these results,the four representative indexes(sugar acid ratio,solid acid ratio,edible rate and soluble sugar)made the most contribution to the comprehensive evaluation,showing the inherent flavor indexes were of great significance in the fruit evaluation of R.sterilis.K-means Cluster analysis divided the fruit quality of R.sterilis in 14 planting areas into 4 levels: high-quality level,good level,general level and poor level.Canonical correlation analysis(CCA)results showed that the soil organic matter(SOM)content and pH were the most important factor limiting the content of parameters of fruit quality.The research results had certain guiding significance for quality ecological regionalization research of R.sterilis in Guizhou province.5.Bagging cultivation technique experiment was conducted in a typical area.How to improve the quality of R.sterilis does not only involves science and technology,but involves technology.The study chose two kinds of bags(double paper bag and single layer of white paper bag)by defining first and second treatment,and without bagging progressing as blank experiment.In bagging cultivation mode,R.sterilis had bright color,and longer transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter,and better appearance quality;wormy fruit and diseased fruit greatly reduced.As for the the internal quality of fruit under two kinds of bagging treatment,single layer of white bagging treatment increased the total acid of R.sterilis fruit,and reduced sugar acid ratio,and solid acid ratio,while the rest of the intrinsic quality indicators significantly increased.The comprehensive comparison results showed that double paper bags had superior effect to single layer of white paper bag,and it is an effective technical means that can improve the fruit quality of R.sterilis. |
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