| With the concept of "food safety",cigarette consumers are more concerned about the safety of cigarettes,especially the higher requirements for pesticide residues.How to improve the safety of cigarettes,reduce the heavy metal content and pesticide residues,has become an important bottleneck to promote sustainable and healthy development of tobacco.The occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests was higher in Yangjie Xundian Kunming,which was higher in the climate and soil,fertilizer and pesticide application,resulting in serious pesticide residues,tobacco production and quality decline.In order to improve the safety of tobacco,reduce application rate of fertilizer and pesticide,improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,to promote the application of the comprehensive prevention and control of green technology in Yangjie Xundian,tobacco production,tobacco incremental quality and safety of win-win tobacco production system,this study carried out spraying 5-aminolevulinic acid,organic manure and inorganic fertilizer,green comprehensive prevention and control measures to test study the on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and quality effects and effects on the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests,for the local tobacco production with reasonable green prevention and control measures to provide theoretical and practical reference.The main results of this study are as follows:1.Seedling experiments: the effect of amino acid 2000 times liquid treatment on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings was the best.The content of chlorophyll,soluble sugar and nitrate reductase in tobacco leaves was significantly increased,and the content of amylase was increased,and the content of soluble protein and MDA decreased obviously.Among them,the effect of 1500 times liquid of amino acid and 2000 times of amino acetic acid on physiological and biochemical indexes of tobacco leaf was the most significant.Field experiment: the effect of 2000 times of amino acid and liquid treatment on the resistance and growth promoting effect was the best in the field of flue-cured tobacco.Aminolevulinic acid 2000 times liquid treatment to black shank,climate spot and tobacco mosaic disease control effect were better compared with the control.The relative control effect of 73.26%,54.96,57.75% respectively.The application of 5-aminolevulinic acid water soluble fertilizer can significantly reduce the incidence of tobacco aphid,Spodoptera litura,tobacco budworm and chafer.Aminolevulinic acid of 1000 times fluid treatment of tobacco budworm best control effect;2000 times liquid of 5-aminolevulinic acid treatment of scarab best control effect.The yield,production value,average price,the proportion of the best tobacco,and the proportion of the middle and upper tobacco leaves in the treatment of 2000 times of the amino acid acetyl propionate were significantly higher than those of the control group.In summary,the growth and development of the tobacco seedling stage of flue-cured tobacco was promoted by 2000 times of amino acid and times of liquid treatment.2.In the control of plant disease prevention and treatment of diseases,the incidence of tobacco mosaic virus(400 μg·m L-1)and the incidence of the disease index is relatively high,respectively,65.48%,64.74%.And pepper mint preparation(400 μg·m L-1)control effect on tobacco black shank disease better,the incidence and disease index of relative control effect 80.96%,86.36%,respectively.Control effect of 72% streptomycin(10 million units)of Tobacco Wildfire Disease better,the incidence and disease index of relative control effect 89.98%,84.69% respectively.The relative prevention effect of the lemon grass preparation(400 μg·m L-1)on tobacco brown spot was 65.71%,the relative prevention effect of the disease index was 65.24%,and the effect was better.3.Organic manure and chemical fertilizer can effectively shorten the growth period of flue-cured tobacco 3~4 days,growth period is the shortest sesame cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer and fertilizing,133 days.Shi sesame cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure and chemical fertilizers application of flue-cured tobacco processing uniformity is better than that of the control,25 days after transplanting growth potential was better than that of the control.From the point of view of the agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco,sesame cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer with Shi treatment of flue-cured tobacco growing better,to mature stage,the plant height and stem Wai is significantly higher than that of the control.Shi rapeseed cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer and manure and chemical fertilizer application treatment has better resistance to black shank;sesame cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application treatment on climate scab and TMV(tobacco mosaic virus)resistance is good.The economic traits of order: sesame cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer > rapeseed cake and chemical fertilizer > manure and chemical fertilizer > all application of fertilizer(CK).Comprehensive analysis,sesame cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application treatment shortened the growth period of flue-cured tobacco,tobacco plants in the mid and late growing better,significantly improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. |
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