Screening Of Potato Varieties And Influences Of Different Cultivating Factors On Potatoes In Jianghan Plain

Potato,wheat,corn,rice and broomcorn are referred to as the five major crops in the world.They are also important food crops in China.In recent years,governments at all levels have attached great importance to potato industrialization since potato,one of the food crops with the greatest development potential and yield increase,was confirmed as a staple food in China.As an important commodity grain production area,Jianghan Plain plays an important role in increasing the yield of grain.Exploring the cultivation techniques to grow premium and high-yield potatoes is an important premise for maximizing the efficiency of potatoes and promoting sustainable development of potatoes.Increasing the quality,yield and efficiency of potatoes in this area will make local potatoes more competitive in the market.Based on aforesaid reasons,this paper researched 6 different varieties of potatoes in Jingzhou area of Jianghan Plain.Specifically,the differences in their characters and yields were surveyed,the agronomic characters of 2 varieties were observed under 6 different densities,the quality and harvest of Zaodabai were explored during different harvest periods,and the influences of applying selenium ore powder on the yield and selenium content of potatoes were discussed.The research results are as follows: 1,The yield of tested varieties（lines）was 147kg/666.7m²-622 kg/666.7m²,the highest yield was 622 kg/666.7m²,and the lowest yield was 147kg/666.7m² 4.The average yield was 439 kg/666.7m².2,The following conclusion is drawn in accordance with the screening test on the 6 varieties in Jingzhou area of Jianghan Plain:The weight of small potatoes is greatly significantly correlated with the number of small potatoes and the number of total potatoes,the weight of big potatoes is greatly significantly correlated with the number of big potatoes,percentage of commodity potatoes and yield of commodity potatoes,percentage of commodity potatoes is greatly significantly correlated with the yield of commodity potatoes.The weights of small potatoes,weights of big potatoes,gross weights and numbers of potatoes of different varieties are significantly different,of which the four yield characters of Variety 2 are advantageous.Percentages of commodity potatoes and yields of potatoes of different varieties are significantly different,of which percentage of commodity potatoes,yield and yield of commodity potatoes of Variety 2 are the highest of all.3,The following conclusion is drawn in accordance with discussion on different densities of potatoes（Favorita and Zaodabai）:With the increase of cultivation density,the plant heights of Favorita（r₁）and Zaodabai（r₂）both grow taller.The cultivation density and plant height are significantly positively correlated（r₁=0.6675*;r₂=0.6395*）.The number of tubers of a single plant of Favorita（r₅）and number of tubers of a single plant of Zaodabai（r₆）reduce significantly.The cultivation density and number of tubers of a single plant are significantly negatively correlated（r₅=-0.9018**;r₂=-0.8669**）.The relation between weight of tubers of a single plant of Favorita and density is: y =-1E-06x² + 0.0183 x + 138.99（where X is for density,and Y for weight of tubers of a single plant,R2 = 0.8711）.The relation between weight of tubers of a single plant of Zaodabai and density is: y =-1E-06x² + 0.0206 x + 194.179（where X is for density,and Y for weight of tubers of a single plant,R2 = 0.8754）.The relation between yield of Favorita and density is: y =-6E-06x² + 0.1774 x + 246.78（where X is for density,and Y for weight of tubers of a single plant,R2 = 0.7513）.The relation between yield of Zaodabai and density is: y =-6E-06x² + 0.1615 x + 512.06（where X is for density,and Y for weight of tubers of a single plant,R2 = 0.7404）.The relation between yield of commodity potatoes of Favorita and density is: y =-5E-06x² + 0.1182 x + 213.71（where X is for density,and Y for weight of tubers of a single plant,R2 = 0.5004）.The relation between yield of commodity potatoes of Zaodabai and density is: y =-6E-06x² + 0.1451 x + 416.35（where X is for density,and Y for weight of tubers of a single plant,R2 = 0.3983）.4.Exploring the effects of different harvest periods on the output value and quality of early white: Harvesting periods had very significant effects on yield of marketable potatoes during the 2 quarters(F_12.085>F_0.01).Analysis results show that a quadratic function relation（2014-2015: y₃ =-53.757x₃2 + 789.79x3-598.16,R32 = 0.9919;2015-2016: y₄ =-69.364x₄² + 743.1x₄-429.86,R₄2 = 0.9964）existed between harvesting periods and marketable potato yields during the 2 years;yields of marketable potatoes among the potatoes harvested during the first three periods tended to increase,while yields of marketable potatoes among the potatoes harvested during the 4th and 5th periods did not change obviously and tended to be stable;harvesting periods had significant effects on unit price of potatoes,wherein the unit price of potatoes decreased as time went by(F_5.312>F_0.01).A linear relation existed between harvesting periods and unit prices of potatoes（2014-2015: y₇=-0.2311x₇ + 4.2163,R₇2 = 0.937;2015-2016: Y₈=-0.262x₈ + 6.078,R₈2 = 0.8802）;a quadratic function relation existed between potato harvesting periods and potato output values(2014-2015: y₉ =-535.09x₉² + 4663.9x₉-2775.5,R92 = 0.9912;2015-2016: y₁₀ =-322.01x₁₀² + 3322.1x₉-2477.2,R₁₀2 = 0.9769),wherein the maximum output value appeared during the 4th harvesting period.Harvesting periods had very significant effects on reducing sugar contents(F_9.257>F_0.01)and starch contents(F_8.421>F_0.01)in potatoes,wherein the contents tended to increase as harvesting time went by(2014-2015:y₁₁ =-0.0002x₁₁² + 0.0125x₁₁ + 0.0621R₁₁2 = 0.9764;starch contents 2015-2016 : y₁₂= 0.0011x₁₂²-0.004x₁₂ + 0.0761R₁₂2 = 0.9502;sugar contents 2014-2015:y₁₃ =-0.0018x₁₃² + 0.0212x₁₃ + 0.0378R₁₃2 = 0.9829;2015-2016:y₁₄ = 0.0025x₁₄²-0.007x₁₄+ 0.0554R₁₄2 = 0.8919).5.The yields of 5 varieties of potatoes with selenium ore powder as the base fertilizer as well as their absorption of selenium were discussed.The results are as follows:Applying selenium ore powder has significant influence on weight of small potatoes,number of small potatoes,weight of big potatoes,number of big potatoes,gross weight and number of total potatoes of the 5 varieties of potatoes.These figures are much higher than the the figures of the control group.Applying selenium ore powder has a significant influence on yield of potatoes and percentage of commodity potatoes.Applying selenium ore powder has a greatly significant influence on yield of commodity potatoes.